| Risk of Bias |
Author’s Judgment
Low Risk
Unclear
High Risk
|
Support for Judgment |
| Selection bias |
|
Triggering of pathway |
| Bias in definition and measurement |
|
Prone to human error |
| Outcome measurement bias |
|
Cannot be assessed |
| Handling of missing data |
|
12% missing with no accounting system |
| Confounding |
|
Cannot be assessed |
| Bias of statistics or presentation of result |
|
Error in Table 1 |
Low Risk
Unclear
High Risk