| Risk of Bias |
Author’s Judgment
Low Risk
Unclear
High Risk
|
Support for Judgment |
| Selection bias |
|
High threshold for inclusion criteria |
| Bias in definition and measurement |
|
High threshold for altered mentation, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure |
| Outcome measurement bias |
|
Not defined clearly |
| Handling of missing data |
|
Not stated |
| Confounding |
|
No population characteristics and co-morbidities |
| Bias of statistics or presentation of result |
|
Too limited to be commented on |
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