Risk of Bias	Author’s Judgment Low Risk Unclear High Risk	Support for Judgment
Selection bias		Change of definition through time.Sick population. ED HDU patient
Bias in definition and measurement		AMS—determined by deduction from notesSepsis was defined by the 2001 definition
Outcome measurement bias
Handling of missing data
Confounding		31% mortality
Bias of statistics or presentation of result		Statistics unclearDouble-counting MEWS and SOFA in modelling