| Risk of Bias |
Author’s Judgment
Low Risk
Unclear
High Risk
|
Support for Judgment |
| Selection bias |
|
|
| Bias in definition and measurement |
|
Unclear definition |
| Outcome measurement bias |
|
Not objective |
| Handling of missing data |
|
|
| Confounding |
|
|
| Bias of statistics or presentation of result |
|
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.