Table 2.
Risk of bias across the studies.
| Author Year | Selection Bias | Bias in Definition and Measurement | Outcome Measurement Bias | Handling of Missing Data | Confounding | Bias of Statistics or Presentation of Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amland et al. 2017 | ||||||
| April et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Askim et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Boulos et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Brabrand et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Burnham et al. 2018 | ||||||
| Chen et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Churpek et al. 2017 | ||||||
| de Groot et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Donnelly et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Du et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Finkelsztein et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Forward et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Freund et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Gonzalez del Castillo et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Guirgis et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Haydar et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Henning et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Ho et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Hu et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Hwang et al. 2018 | ||||||
| Innocenti et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Khwannimit et al. 2018 | ||||||
| Kim et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Kolditz et al. 2016 | ||||||
| LeGuen et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Moskowitz et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Muller et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Park et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Peake et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Quinten et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Raith et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Rannikko et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Ranzani et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Seymour et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Siddiqui et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Singer et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Sterling et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Szakmany et al. 2018 | ||||||
| Tusgul et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Umemura et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Wang J et al. 2016 | ||||||
| Wang S et al. 2017 | ||||||
| Williams et al. 2016 |
Green, low risk; Yellow, moderate risk; Red, high risk.