Table 1.
Demographic and baseline music characteristics.
| Characteristics | Total (N=169) | Immediate (N=85) | Delayed (N=84) | P value | |||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 19.9 (2.5) | 20.0 (2.6) | 19.9 (2.4) | .9 | |||
| Gender (females), n (%) | 134 (79.3) | 67 (78.8) | 67 (79.8) | .82 | |||
| English language fluency, n (%) | 139 (82.2) | 68 (80.0) | 71 (84.5) | .44 | |||
| Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, n (%) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | .99 | |||
| Education, n (%) | .29 | ||||||
| Degree, postgraduate study | 40 (23.7) | 17 (19.0) | 23 (27.4) | ||||
| Certificate or diploma | 25 (14.8) | 13 (15.3) | 12 (14.3) | ||||
| High school | 104 (61.6) | 55 (64.7) | 49 (58.4) | ||||
| Work status, n (%) | .39 | ||||||
| Full-time | 16 (9.5) | 6 (7.1) | 10 (11.9) | ||||
| Part-time or casual | 43 (25.4) | 28 (32.9) | 15 (17.9) | ||||
| Unemployed or disability allowance | 10 (5.9) | 4 (4.7) | 6 (7.1) | ||||
| Home duties | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | ||||
| Volunteer work | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | ||||
| Full-time or part-time student | 97 (57.4) | 46 (54.1) | 51 (60.7) | ||||
| Relationship status, n (%) | .06 | ||||||
| Married | 3 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (1.2) | ||||
| In a relationship | 85 (50.3) | 50 (40.6) | 35 (41.7) | ||||
| Single | 81 (47.9) | 33 (38.8) | 48 (57.1) | ||||
| Current psychological treatment, n (%) | 38 (22.5) | 17 (20.0) | 21 (25.0) | .44 | |||
| Use smartphone daily, n (%) | 155 (91.7) | 76 (89.4) | 79 (94.0) | .94 | |||
| Music, n (%) | |||||||
| Accessed music online in past month | 164 (97.0) | 82 (96.5) | 82 (97.6) | .66 | |||
| Play musical instrument or sing in choir | |||||||
| Past | 139 (82.2) | 71 (83.5) | 68 (81.0) | .9 | |||
| Current | 47 (27.8) | 24 (28.2) | 23 (27.4) | .66 | |||
| Compose music | 52 (30.8) | 27 (31.8) | 25 (29.8) | .78 | |||
| Attend concerts or live music at least monthly | 50 (29.6) | 29 (34.1) | 21 (25.0) | .2 | |||
| Music listening each week, mean (SD) | |||||||
| Average number of hours per day | 2.6 (2.3) | 2.8 (2.7) | 2.5 (1.9) | .31 | |||
| Average number of days | 6.2 (1.6) | 6.3 (1.6) | 6.1 (1.5) | .6 | |||
| Median split (days×hours)—High | 98 (46.9) | 43 (51.2) | 48 (57.1) | .39 | |||
| HUMSa | |||||||
| High healthy music use | 128 (61.2) | 61 (71.8) | 53 (63.1) | .23 | |||
| High unhealthy music use | 97 (46.4) | 41 (48.2) | 49 (58.3) | .19 | |||
| At least moderate success at listening to music to change mood, n (%) | 167 (87.9) | 75 (88.2) | 73 (86.9) | .66 | |||
aHUMS: Healthy Unhealthy Music scale.