Table 2.

Summary of themes and how suggested strategies relate to normalization process theory.

Theme	Description	Examples of suggested strategies by normalization process theory component
		Coherence	Cognitive participation	Collective action
Theme 1. Perceived role of the PCPa in self-management of type 2 diabetes	PCP goal is to facilitate independent self-management for patients with diabetes Care is shared across practice staff Patients aren’t motivated to self-manage	Explain where the goals of the app overlap or are likely to differ from PCP goals to support patients Explain any medicolegal risks, particularly in terms of remote monitoring of blood glucose Explain how staff can continue existing roles through the app Explain how to identify patients who have enough baseline motivation/independence to use the app	Explain how an app can address existing challenges Explain how the app can bolster patient motivation between consults	Explain that the Intervention will be available to various staff including nurses
Theme 2. Value placed on face-to-face care	Face-to-face care is valuable PCPs are remunerated primarily through face-to-face care Patients don’t use mobile phones	Explain how the app is an optional additional tool; it does not replace face-to-face care. Provide guidance on how to best identify patients who are suited to the app Be explicit about whether/how work conducted through the app will be remunerated	Explain how app can improve efficiency of analysis of self-monitoring data Explain how app can facilitate communication during consultation and promote the take home message Explain how app can prompt patient to visit doctor	Not applicable
Theme 3. Place of technology in primary care	This is just another thing we have to learn to use (with little added benefit) It will take a lot of time to learn to use the app Patients are not one-size-fits-all Data security and privacy	Be explicit about whether/how work conducted through the app will be remunerated Be explicit about the implications of data security and privacy issues for the PCP	Explain how app can improve documentation of care Must also be flexible enough to accommodate different patient goals and care plans	Minimize workflow disruption and avoid unnecessary increase in workload through automation and integration with existing technology

^aPCP: primary care physician.