Table 2.
Development of each metabolic abnormality by self-rated health category.
| Self-Rated Health Category | Person-Years | Incident Cases | Incidence Density (per 1000 Person-Years) | Age and Sex-Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariate HR a (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) b in Model Using Time-Dependent Variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any metabolic abnormality | ||||||
| Very good | 8072.1 | 1380 | 171.0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 81,969.6 | 13,201 | 161.0 | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.96 (0.92–1.04) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) |
| Fair | 150,743.4 | 23,537 | 156.1 | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) |
| Bad or very bad | 17,904.0 | 2740 | 153.0 | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.119 | |||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||||||
| Very good | 9799.1 | 329 | 33.6 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 99,796.1 | 3342 | 33.5 | 1.05 (0.93–1.17) | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) |
| Fair | 181,754.8 | 5864 | 32.3 | 1.16 (1.04–1.30) | 1.16 (1.02–1.31) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) |
| Bad or very bad | 21,402.4 | 666 | 31.1 | 1.22 (1.07–1.40) | 1.18 (1.02–1.36) | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Pre-diabetes | ||||||
| Very good | 9555.5 | 471 | 49.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 97,698.2 | 4401 | 45.0 | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 1.07 (0.96–1.19) |
| Fair | 178,411.5 | 7504 | 42.1 | 0.97 (0.89–1.07) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 1.05 (0.94–1.16) |
| Bad or very bad | 21,004.4 | 823 | 39.2 | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) |
| p for trend | 0.429 | 0.697 | 0.512 | |||
| Pre-hypertension | ||||||
| Very good | 10,017.0 | 181 | 18.1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 102,517.7 | 1632 | 15.9 | 0.95 (0.81–1.10) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) | 0.98 (0.83–1.16) |
| Fair | 186,463.3 | 2663 | 14.3 | 0.99 (0.86–1.16) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) |
| Bad or very bad | 21,899.4 | 277 | 12.6 | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 1.02 (0.84–1.24) |
| p for trend | 0.286 | 0.235 | 0.550 | |||
| Low HDL-C | ||||||
| Very good | 10,061.8 | 183 | 18.2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 101,581.6 | 1972 | 19.4 | 1.04 (0.89–1.21) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) |
| Fair | 184,102.6 | 3745 | 20.3 | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | 1.13 (0.96–1.34) | 1.05 (0.90–1.24) |
| Bad or very bad | 21,576.1 | 444 | 20.6 | 1.09 (0.92–1.30) | 1.10 (0.90–1.33) | 1.05 (0.88–1.27) |
| p for trend | 0.141 | 0.019 | 0.186 | |||
| High HOMA-IR | ||||||
| Very good | 10,094.7 | 185 | 18.3 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 102,359.0 | 2128 | 20.8 | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 1.23 (1.04–1.45) |
| Fair | 184,998.9 | 4483 | 24.2 | 1.32 (1.14–1.53) | 1.42 (1.21–1.67) | 1.39 (1.19–1.63) |
| Bad or very bad | 21,664.1 | 611 | 28.2 | 1.55 (1.31–1.83) | 1.67 (1.39–2.00) | 1.57 (1.31–1.88) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Fatty liver | ||||||
| Very good | 9830.4 | 339 | 34.5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 99,779.8 | 3274 | 32.8 | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) |
| Fair | 181,999.0 | 5504 | 30.2 | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 1.13 (1.01–1.28) |
| Bad or very bad | 21,258.5 | 634 | 30.0 | 1.17 (1.03–1.34) | 1.28 (1.10–1.48) | 1.22 (1.05–1.40) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| High CRP | ||||||
| Very good | 9453.9 | 618 | 65.4 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Good | 95,214.0 | 6070 | 63.8 | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) |
| Fair | 173,662.0 | 10,831 | 62.4 | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) |
| Bad or very bad | 20,371.9 | 1253 | 61.5 | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 1.04 (0.94–1.16) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) |
| p for trend | 0.120 | 0.060 | 0.436 |
a Estimated from parametric proportional hazard models. Multivariable model was adjusted for age, sex, centre, year of screening exam, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, education level, total calorie intake, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, sleep duration, CESD and BMI. b Estimated from parametric proportional hazard models with self-rated health category, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, total calorie intake, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, testosterone, sleep duration, CESD categories as time-dependent variables and baseline age, sex, center, year of screening exam and education level as time-fixed variables. BMI: body mass index, CESD: the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CI: confidence interval, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HR: hazard ratios, hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.