Table 3.

Estimated population attributable risks (PARs) in Japan.

		Mortality
	% Exposed a	HR	PAR
			% b	n c
Relative deprivation (1+)	15.3	1.25	3.7	44,197
(2+)	3.3	1.71	2.3	27,465
(3+)	1.5	1.82	1.2	14,577
Relative poverty	18.0	1.22	3.8	45,698

^a The % exposed of relative deprivation is in our study participants. That of relative poverty is from Japanese official statistics (comprehensive survey of living conditions). ^b PAR(%) = Pe(HR − 1)/(Pe(HR − 1) + 1); Pe: the proportion of exposure in the target population; HR: hazard ratio. ^c The denominator is the annual number of mortality among people 65 years and older in 2015 (N = 1,199,686) which was obtained from governmental reports.