. 2019 Jan 19;8(1):35. doi: 10.3390/foods8010035

Table 2.

Provitamin A carotenoids contents (mg/100 g fresh weight) of ILVs *.

Botanical Names	β-Cryptoxanthin	α-Carotene	β-Carotene	RE ¹ (µg/100 g)	% of RNI ²
Amaranthus spinosus	0.04 ± 0.01 ^f,g	0.26 ± 0.01 ^b,c	3.65 ± 0.17 ^a,b,c	317 ± 14 ^a,b,c	63
Amaranthus spp.	0.13 ± 0.01 ^b,c,d	0.32 ± 0.01 ^b	4.84 ± 0.16 ^a	422 ± 13 ^a	84
Bidens pilosa	0.05 ± 0.01 ^f,g	0.07 ± 0.01 ^c,d	2.07 ± 0.07 ^c,d,e	178 ± 6 ^c,d,e	36
Cleome gynandra	0.13 ± 0.02 ^b,c,d	0.05 ± 0.02 ^d	2.91 ± 0.41 ^b,c,d	250 ± 36 ^b,c,d	50
Cleome hirta	0.06 ± 0.03 ^e,f,g	0.01 ± 0.01 ^d	2.75 ± 0.20 ^b,c,d	232 ± 17 ^b,c,d	46
Corchorus trilocularis	0.11 ± 0.01 ^c,d,e	0.09 ± 0.01 ^c,d	4.04 ± 0.57 ^a,b	345 ± 48 ^a,b	69
Ceratotheca sesamoides	0.14 ± 0.01 ^b,c	0.07 ± 0.02 ^c,d	1.96 ± 0.35 ^d,e	172 ± 30 ^d,e	34
Ipomoea obscura	0.09 ± 0.01 ^c,d,e,f	0.07 ± 0.01 ^c,d	1.01 ± 0.04 ^e	90 ± 3 ^e	18
Ipomoea pandurata	0.05 ± 0.03 ^f,g	0.16 ± 0.01 ^b,c,d	2.99 ± 0.15 ^b,c,d	258 ± 13 ^b,c,d	52
Justicia heterocarpa	0.07 ± 0.01 ^e,f,g	0.95 ± 0.27 ^a	3.84 ± 1.45 ^a,b	363 ± 132 ^a,b	73
Sesamum angustifolium	0.18 ± 0.01 ^a,b	0.06 ± 0.01 ^c,d	4.06 ± 0.39 ^a,b	349 ± 33 ^a,b	70
Sonchus luxurians	0.03 ± 0.01 ^g	0.03 ± 0.01 ^d	2.15 ± 0.03 ^c,d,e	181± 2 ^c,d,e	36
Vigna unguiculata	0.08 ± 0.01 ^d,e,f,g	0.12 ± 0.05 ^b,c,d	2.96 ± 1.26 ^b,c,d	255 ± 107 ^b,c,d	51

* ILVs, indigenous leafy vegetables: values are means ± SD; values within a column not sharing a common superscript letter (a,b,c,d,e,f,g) are significantly different (Tukey ≤ 0.05). ¹ RE, retinol equivalents (sum of RE), for which 1 RE = 12 μg β-carotene or 24 μg α-carotene or 24 μg β-cryptoxanthin. ² RNI, recommended nutrient intakes by WHO/FAO [15]; values as (microgram) for female adults (19–50 years).