Table 3.
Social support and incident dementia by Cox proportional hazard models.
| Men (n = 6906) | Women (n = 7182) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Social support | ||||
| Co-residing family (0–5) | 0.95 | (0.91–0.99) * | 1.00 | (0.97–1.04) |
| Family/relatives living apart (0–5) | 1.03 | (0.99–1.08) | 1.00 | (0.96–1.03) |
| Friends/neighbors (0–5) | 0.95 | (0.89–1.02) | 0.96 | (0.92–1.01) |
* p < 0.05. Social support is the sum of the five types of social support (providing/receiving emotional support, providing/receiving instrumental support, and receiving appraisal support). Social support to/from each source was entered into the model simultaneously to mutually adjust for each effect. Covariates (age, number of illnesses, geriatric depression scale, subjective cognitive complaints, smoking, walking, alcohol consumption, education, and community engagement) were also entered into the model.