Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population
| No. of individuals in the study | 1365 |
|---|---|
| Age, yrs, mean (SD) | 56.6 (14.5) |
| Female | 483 (35) |
| Race | |
| Caucasian | 962 (71) |
| African American | 332 (24) |
| Other | 35 (2) |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 30.4 (7.7) |
| Comorbid conditions | |
| Hypertension | 850 (62) |
| Diabetes | 397 (29) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 667 (49) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 220 (16) |
| Medications | |
| ACE Inhibitor/ARB | 1223 (90) |
| Beta blocker | 1199 (88) |
| Digoxin | 479 (35) |
| Loop diuretic | 957 (70) |
| Amiodarone | 151 (11) |
| Levothyroxine | 173 (13) |
| Corticosteroids | 45 (3) |
| Implantable cardioverter defibrillator | 256 (19) |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 325 (24) |
| Ischemic etiology of heart failure | 393 (29) |
| Systolic heart failure | 1165 (85) |
| NYHA class | |
| I | 227 (17) |
| II | 614 (45) |
| III | 433 (32) |
| IV | 82 (6) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 92 (7) |
| Ejection fraction, %, mean (SD) | 34 (17) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.9) |
Data presented as n (%), except as indicated.
SD, Standard Deviation; BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association