Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, and effect sizes of Safety Climate (SC) subscale and total scores calculated for control and intervention practices
| Safety Climate scores: Control practices | Safety Climate scores: Intervention practices | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Managerial | Non-managerial | Managerial | Non-managerial | |||||||||
| T1 Mean (SD) | T2 Mean (SD) | da | T1 Mean (SD) | T2 Mean (SD) | da | T1 Mean (SD) | T2 Mean (SD) | da | T1 Mean (SD) | T2 Mean (SD) | da | |
| Workload | 3.48 (0.93) | 3.77 (1.34) | − 0.25 | 4.16 (1.37) | 4.20 (1.63) | −0.02 | 4.70 (1.22) | 4.88 (0.93) | −0.16 | 4.64 (1.09) | 5.12 (1.06) | −0.45 |
| Communication | 5.78 (0.89) | 5.07 (1.48) | 0.58 | 5.03 (1.46) | 5.05 (1.49) | −0.01 | 5.73 (0.97) | 6.00 (0.77) | −0.31 | 5.47 (1.19) | 5.78 (1.14) | −0.27 |
| Leadership | 6.24 (0.86) | 6.13 (0.78) | 0.13 | 5.90 (1.05) | 5.68 (1.48) | 0.17 | 6.29 (0.43) | 6.51 (0.55) | −0.45 | 6.07 (0.86) | 6.17 (1.16) | −0.10 |
| Teamwork | 5.62 (0.93) | 5.66 (1.13) | −0.0 | 5.81 (0.96) | 5.59 (1.04) | 0.21 | 6.16 (0.61) | 6.52 (0.56) | −0.61 | 6.09 (0.90) | 6.16 (0.81) | −0.08 |
| Safety systems | 5.79 (0.65) | 5.44 (0.95) | 0.43 | 5.28 (1.13) | 5.33 (1.27) | −0.04 | 5.87 (0.73) | 6.40 (0.52) | −0.84 | 6.01 (0.89) | 6.11 (0.83) | −0.12 |
| Total SC | 5.52 (0.63) | 5.34 (0.91) | 0.22 | 5.36 (0.91) | 5.21 (1.09) | 0.14 | 5.78 (0.57) | 6.15 (0.55) | −0.66 | 5.70 (0.70) | 5.94 (0.74) | −0.33 |
T1 = pre-test (baseline), T2 = post-test (end of study), d = Cohen’s d
ad represents the effect size of the difference between the scores at T1 and T2