Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Treatment Group
| Characteristic | Usual Care (n = 17) | SmartMoms® Intervention (n = 37) | All (n = 54) | p between groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age, wks | 9.6 ± 1.0 | 10.2 ± 1.2 | 10.0 ± 1.2 | 0.06 |
| Age, y | 29.5 ± 5.1 | 29.1 ± 4.4 | 29.2 ± 4.6 | 0.78 |
| Race | 0.25 | |||
| Black | 6 (35.3%) | 7 (18.9%) | 13 (24.1%) | |
| White | 11 (64.7%) | 27 (73.0%) | 38 (70.4%) | |
| Other | 0 (0%) | 3 (8.1%) | 3 (5.6%) | |
| Parity | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.34 |
| Weight, kg | 86.2 ± 12.1 | 82.0 ± 12.0 | 83.3 ± 12.1 | 0.24 |
| Enrollment BMI | 31.1 ± 3.7 | 31.0 ± 4.2 | 31.0 ± 4.0 | 0.96 |
| Enrollment BMI Group | 0.51 | |||
| Overweight, 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 9 (52.9%) | 16 (43.24%) | 25 (46.3%) | |
| Obese, 30.0–40.0 kg/m2 | 8 (47.1%) | 21 (56.8%) | 29 (53.7%) | |
| Total Household Income, per year | 0.92 | |||
| < $5000–$39,999 | 7 (41.2%) | 16 (43.2%) | 23 (42.6%) | |
| $40,000–$99,999 | 5 (29.4%) | 12 (32.4%) | 17 (31.5%) | |
| $100,000 and above | 5 (29.4%) | 9 (24.3%) | 14 (25.9%) | |
| Education | 0.26 | |||
| Some high school | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| High school diploma/GED/1-3y college, business or technical school | 7 (41.2%) | 11 (29.7%) | 18 (33.3%) | |
| College degree | 4 (23.5%) | 18 (48.7%) | 22 (40.7%) | |
| Post graduate education | 6 (35.3%) | 7 (18.9%) | 13 (24.1%) | |
| Socioeconomic Composite Factor | 0.1 ± 1.0 | −0.1 ± 1.0 | 0 ± 1.0 | 0.47 |
| Poverty to Income Ratio | 3.9 ± 2.8 | 3.5 ± 2.8 | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 0.70 |
Continuous values are displayed as mean ± SD and categorical variables as frequency (%). Socioeconomic composite factor is a standardized z score that incorporates income and education and controls for race. P values were derived from ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi-squared test for categorical variables