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. 2019 Jan 29;19:33. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2423-2

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 8 — Schematic diagram on the molecular mechanism of the anti-adipogenic effect of 10-HDA in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes. 10-HDA inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets within 3 T3-L1 adipocyte via two possible mechanisms; by inhibiting cAMP/PKA pathway and p-Akt and MAPK dependent insulin signaling pathway. ATP: adenosine triphosphate; PKA: protein kinase A; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ADIPOQ: adiponectin precursor gene; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; FFA: free fatty acids; TG: triacylglycerol