Table 1.
Comparison of different studies for meal ion treatments.
| Metal Ion | Monomer | Cross-linker | Initiator | Synthesis Conditions | Treatment Material | Adsorption Capacity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercury (II) | Allylthiourea | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 65 °C, 12 h | Magnetic polymer | 78.3 mg/g | [21] |
| Mercury (II) | 4-Vinylpyridine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 65 °C, 24 h | Polymeric sorbent | 70 mg/g | [22] |
| Mercury (II) | N-Methacryloyl-(l)-cysteine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | Benzoyl peroxide | - | Polymeric bead | 0.45 mg/g | [23] |
| Mercury (II) | 3-Isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane | Tetraethoxysilicane | Ammonia | 60 °C, 6 h | Solid-phase extraction sorbent | 2.8 mg/g | [24] |
| Copper (II) | Dithizone | Tetraethoxysilicane | Ammonia | 25 °C, 12 h | Ion-imprinted polymeric sorbent | 16.55 mg/g | [27] |
| Copper (II) | N-[3-(2-aminoethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane | Tetraethyl orthosilicate | Ammonia | 60 °C, 24 h | Ion-imprinted polymer | 39.82 mg/g | [26] |
| Copper (II) | Acrylamide | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 65 °C, 8 h | Sandwich-like ion-imprinted polymer | 132.77 mg/g | [28] |
| Lead (II) | Allylthiourea | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 80 °C, 6 h | Carbon nanofiber ion-imprinted polymeric bead | 47 mg/g | [31] |
| Lead (II) | N-Methacryloyl-(l)-cysteine | Methylenebisacrylamide | Ammonium persulfate | −12 °C, 24 h | Ion-imprinted cryogel | 122.7 mg/g | [5] |
| Lead (II) | N-Methacryloyl-(l)-cysteine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | Potassium persulfate | 75 °C, 1 h | Ion-imprinted particle | 2.01 mg/g | [32] |
| Lead (II) | Methacrylic acid, 4-vinyl pyridine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 60 °C, 8 h | Ion-imprinted polymer | 8.35 mg/g | [33] |
| Cadmium (II) | N-Methacryloyl-(l)-cysteine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | Benzoyl peroxide | 90 °C, 2 h | Ion-imprinted polymer bead | 32.5 µmol/g | [36] |
| Cadmium (II) | Chitosan | Epichlorohydrin | - | 50 °C, 4 h | Ion dual imprinted polymer | 38.46 mg/g | [16] |
| Cadmium (II) | Allyl thiourea | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 333 K, 24 h | Ion-imprinted polymer | 38.30 mg/g | [35] |
| Chromium (III) | 2-Methacryloylamido histidine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 90 °C, 3 h | Ion-imprinted polymeric bead | 69.28 mg/g. | [39] |
| Chromium (VI) | 2-Methacryloylamido histidine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | Potassium persulfate | 70 °C, 3 h | Ion-imprinted nanoparticle | 3830.58 mg/g | [40] |
| Nickel (II) | Methacrylic acid | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 60 °C, 24 h | Ion-imprinted polymer | 86.3 mg/g | [42] |
| Nickel (II) | 2-Methacryloylamido histidine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 90 °C, 3 h | Solid-phase extraction polymeric column | 160 µmol/g | [43] |
| Nickel (II) | 2-Methacryloylamido histidine | Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate | Ammonium persulfate | −12 °C, 24 h | Ion-imprinted cryogel | 5.54 mg/g | [44] |
| Manganese (II) | 4-Vinylpyridine | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 60 °C, 5 h | Ion-imprinted polymer | 44.4 mg/g | [46] |
| Aluminum (III) | N-Methacryloyl-(l)-glutamic acid | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | Benzoyl peroxide | - | Ion-imprinted polymeric bead | 122.9 μmol/g | [47] |
| Cobalt (II) | Glycylglycine | Glutaraldehyde | - | 60 °C, 5 h | Ion-imprinted polymer | 175 mg/g | [48] |
| Multi-ions | N-Vinylimidazole | Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate | N,N-Azobisisobutyronitrile | 90 °C, 2 h | Ion-imprinted cryogel | 7620–2540 μg/g | [49] |