Table 1.
Demographical information in patients treated with acamprosate
| Healthy Control | Alcohol Dependence | P value | No Acamprosate | Acamprosate | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N | 16 | 13 | 4 | 9 | ||
| Gender male, N (%) | 4 (25.00) | 6 (41.18) | 0.27 | 2 (50.00) | 4 (44.44) | 1.00 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 26.56 (5.90) | 43.62 (13.36) | < 0.01 | 37.50 (17.46) | 46.33 (11.25) | 0.29 |
| Benzodiazepine (Lorazepam eq. mg), mean (SD) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.63 (0.58) | n.d. | 0.76 (0.71) | 0.50 (0.00) | 0.50 |
| On benzodiazepine, N (%) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (23.08) | 0.10 | 2 (50.00) | 1 (11.11) | 0.20 |
| With depression, N (%) | 0 (0.00) | 10 (62.50) | 0.08 | 1 (25.00) | 9 (75.00) | 0.18 |
| On antidepressent, N (%) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (46.15) | < 0.01 | 0 (0.00) | 6 (66.67) | 0.07 |
| Smoke. N (%) | 1 (8.33) | 6 (46.15) | 0.03 | 3 (75.00) | 3 (33.33) | 0.27 |
| CIWA, mean (SD) | n.d. | 1.46 (3.83) | n.d. | 0.00 (0.00) | 2.11 (3.95) | 0.25 |
| AUQ, mean (SD) | 9.13 (2.03) | 21.46 (8.68) | < 0.01 | 21.50 (9.15) | 21.44 (9.03) | 0.99 |
| PACS, mean (SD) | 0.50 (1.10) | 15.15 (7.90) | < 0.01 | 14.00 (5.71) | 15.67 (8.97) | 0.74 |
| Days since last drink, mean (SD) | 31.75 (36.32) | 6.00 (4.29) | 0.02 | 6.00 (1.83) | 6.00 (5.24) | 1.00 |
| PHQ-9, mean (SD) | 0.75 (0.93) | 10.31 (4.15) | < 0.01 | 8.00 (3.37) | 11.33 (4.21) | 0.19 |
| TLFB 7 | ||||||
| Drinking days, mean (SD) | 0.50 (0.97) | 2.39 (1.98) | < 0.01 | 1.75 (1.71) | 2.67 (2.12) | 0.47 |
| Drinks/drinking day, mean (SD) | 0.34 (0.65) | 7.77 (5.89) | < 0.01 | 6.63 (4.72) | 8.28 (6.53) | 0.66 |
| Total drinks, mean (SD) | 0.63 (1.15) | 18.46 (15.57) | < 0.01 | 14.00 (11.43) | 20.44 (17.32) | 0.51 |
| TLFB 30 | ||||||
| Drinking days, mean (SD) | 1.75 (1.57) | 18.92 (7.23) | < 0.01 | 21.25 (3.50) | 17.89 (8.34) | 0.46 |
| Drinks/drinking day, mean (SD) | 0.90 (0.70) | 9.45 (6.54) | < 0.01 | 8.18 (0.78) | 10.01 (7.93) | 0.66 |
| Total drinks, mean (SD) | 2.38 (2.42) | 173.20 (124.80) | < 0.01 | 156.00 (41.32) | 180.80 (150.00) | 0.76 |
SD: standard deviation, n.d.: not determined, CIWA: clinical institute withdrawal assessment, AUQ: alcohol urge questionnaire, PACS: Pennsylvania alcohol craving scale, PHQ-9: 9 item patient health questionnaire, TLFB 7: 7 day time line follow back, TLFB 30: 30 day time line follow back. Statistics by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test for continuous variables or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used when standard deviations were zero for continuous variables.