Table 3.
Predictors of primary surgical treatment.
| Characteristic | Primary Surgical Treatment | Multivariate Analysis of Kadish | Multivariate Analysis of AJCC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) Undergoing surgery | P-Value | P-Value | |||
| N= 511 | |||||
| Sex | P = 0.69 | ||||
| Male | 309 (58.4%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | 202 (57.1%) | 0.93 (0.70–1.23) | P = 0.62 | 0.94 (0.71–1.25) | P = 0.69 |
| Age at Diagnosis | P = 0.75 | ||||
| <50 yrs | 191 (59.1%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 50–64 yrs | 209 (58.6%) | 0.92 (0.63–1.33) | P = 0.66 | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | P = 0.71 |
| 65–79 yrs | 97 (55.1%) | 0.49 (0.28–0.86) | P = 0.013 | 0.49 (0.28–0.87) | P = 0.015 |
| 80 yrs or more | 14 (51.9%) | 0.44 (0.18–1.10) | P = 0.080 | 0.46 (0.18–1.13) | P = 0.90 |
| Race | P = 0.16 | ||||
| White | 442 (57.3%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black | 19 (51.4%) | 0.84 (0.43–1.66) | P = 0.62 | 0.87 (0.44–1.72) | P = 0.69 |
| Other | 50 (67.6%) | 1.55 (0.92–2.60) | P = 0.10 | 1.56 (0.93–2.63) | P = 0.092 |
| Insurance | P = 0.77 | ||||
| Private | 358 (56.8%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Uninsured | 16 (64.0%) | 1.38 (0.59–3.23) | P = 0.46 | 1.36 (0.58–3.20) | P = 0.48 |
| Government | 129 (60.0%) | 1.87 (1.15–3.05) | P = 0.012 | 1.85 (1.14–3.02) | P = 0.013 |
| Unknown | 8 (61.5%) | 1.29 (0.40–4.15) | P = 0.67 | 1.27 (0.39–4.07) | P = 0.69 |
| Hospital Type | P = 0. 93 | ||||
| Academic/NCI CC | 327 (57.9%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Community | 16 (64.0%) | 1.28 (0.53–3.16) | P = 0.58 | 1.30 (0.53–3.19) | P = 0.57 |
| Comp Community | 92 (57.9%) | 0.96 (0.63–1.45) | P = 0.84 | 0.98 (0.64–1.49) | P = 0.92 |
| Other/Unknown | 76 (56.7%) | 0.86 (0.54–1.37) | P = 0.52 | 0.85 (0.53–1.36) | P = 0.51 |
| Hospital Volume | P = 0.55 | ||||
| Low: 1–2 | 165 (57.7%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium: 3–10 | 194 (56.1%) | 1.01 (0.71–1.44) | P = 0.96 | 0.99 (0.70–1.42) | P = 0.97 |
| High: >10 | 152 (60.6%) | 1.20 (0.80–1.80) | P = 0.38 | 1.17 (0.78–1.76) | P = 0.44 |
| Charles-Deyo Cormibidity Score | P = 0.26 | ||||
| 0 | 443 (57.9%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 56 (58.3%) | 1.07 (0.68–1.67) | P = 0.77 | 1.95 (0.67–1.64) | P = 0.83 |
| 2 | 7 (43.8%) | 0.56 (0.20–1.55) | P = 0.27 | 0.55 (0.20–1.53) | P = 0.25 |
| 3 | 4 (100%) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Kadish | P = 0.34 | ||||
| A | 122 (63.2%) | Ref | Ref | NI | NI |
| B | 70 (59.3%) | 0.85 (0.553–1.38) | P = 0.52 | NI | NI |
| C | 273 (55.8%) | 0.68 (0.48–0.97) | P = 0.34 | NI | NI |
| D | 46 (56.1%) | 0.76 (0.44–1.31) | P = 0.32 | NI | NI |
| T-Stage | P = 0.47 | ||||
| 1 | 122 (63.2%) | NI | NI | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 52 (55.3%) | NI | NI | 0.71 (0.43–1.18) | P = 0.19 |
| 3 | 117 (57.9%) | NI | NI | 0.78 (0.51–1.18) | P = 0.24 |
| 4a | 68 (53.5%) | NI | NI | 0.64 (0.40–1.02) | P = 0.058 |
| 4b | 152 (57.1%) | NI | NI | 0.73 (0.49–1.08) | P = 0.11 |
| Dulguerov T- Stage | P = 0.70 | ||||
| 1 | 192 (60.6%) | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| 2 | 104 (55.9%) | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| 3 | 81 (57.9%) | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| 4 | 134 (56.1%) | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Lymph Node Status | P = 0.79 | ||||
| (+) Lymph Nodes | 36 (56.3%) | NI | NI | Ref | Ref |
| (−) Lymph Nodes | 475 (58.0%) | NI | NI | 0.95 (0.56–1.62) | P = 0.86 |
| Distant Metastasis | P = 0.58 | ||||
| (+) Metastases | 12 (52.2%) | NI | NI | Ref | Ref |
| (−) Metastases | 499 (58.0%) | NI | NI | 1.14 (0.48–2.69) | P = 0.77 |
| Hyams Grade | P = 0.89 | ||||
| 1 | 31 (56.4%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 105 (58.3%) | 1.18 (0.63–1.21) | P = 0.60 | 1.13 (0.60–2.11) | P = 0.71 |
| 3 | 91 (61.1%) | 1.22 (0.64–2.33) | P = 0.55 | 1.17 (0.62–2.23) | P = 0.63 |
| 4 | 26 (54.2%) | 1.03 (0.46–2.31) | P = 0.95 | 0.99 (0.44–2.23) | P = 0.99 |
| Not stated | 258 (57.3%) | 1.10 (0.62–1.96) | P = 0.75 | 1.05 (0.59–1.88) | P = 0.86 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ENB, Esthesioneuroblastoma; NCI, National Cancer Institute; NI, not included; Ref, reference.