Table 4.
Predictors of Survival
| Characteristic | 5-Year Survival | 10-Year Survival | Multivariate Analysis of Kadish | Multivariate Analysis of AJCC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 449 | 193 | ||||
| Hazard Ratio (C.I.) | P-Value | Hazard Ratio (C.I.) | P-Value | |||
| Overall Survival | 81.9% | 63.7% | ||||
| Sex | P = 0.051 | |||||
| Male | 78.4% | 62.8% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Female | 87.3% | 63.4% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Age at Diagnosis | P < 0.0001 | |||||
| <50 yrs | 87.1% | 70.0% | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 50–64 yrs | 82.3% | 71.3% | 1.83 (1.04–3.20) | P = 0.035 | 1.90 (1.08–3.33) | P = 0.025 |
| 65–79 yrs | 75.5% | 47.0% | 4.72 (2.18–10.22) | P < 0.0001 | 4.53 (2.14–9.64) | P < 0.0001 |
| 80 yrs or more | 50.7% | NR | 18.46 (7.51–45.35) | P <0.0001 | 18.79 (7.64–46.21) | P < 0.0001 |
| Race | P = 0.074 | |||||
| White | 81.4% | 63.3% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Black | 78.4% | 56.4% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Other | 89.9% | 71.9% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Insurance | P = 0.012 | |||||
| Private | 83.8% | 67.1% | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Uninsured | 88.9% | 59.2% | 0.72 (0.22–2.35) | P = 0.59 | 0.75 (0.23–2.46) | P = 0.64 |
| Government | 73.7% | 53.5% | 0.79 (0.43–1.44) | P = 0.44 | 0.80 (044–1.44) | P = 0.45 |
| Unknown | NR | NR | 0.17 (0.020–1.41) | P = 0.10 | 0.21 (0.025–1.73) | P = 0.15 |
| Hospital Type | P = 0.97 | |||||
| Academic/NCI CC | 82.2% | 63.7% | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Community | 90.7% | NR | 0.52 (0.18–1.51) | P = 0.23 | 0.49 (0.17–1.43) | P = 0.19 |
| Comp Community | 79.0% | 76.0% | 0.99 (0.59–1.66) | P = 0.98 | 0.96 (0.57–1.60) | P = 0.86 |
| Other/Unknown | 82.0% | 53.9% | 2.79 (1.45–5.38) | P = 0.002 | 2.62 (1.36–5.07) | P = 0.004 |
| Hospital Volume | P = 0.029 | |||||
| Low: 1–2 | 77.1% | 51.4% | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium: 3–10 | 84.8% | 72.2% | 0.57 (0.37–0.87) | P = 0.010 | 0.61 (0.40–0.94) | P = 0.025 |
| High: >10 | 83.5% | 64.7% | 0.69 (0.43–1.10) | P = 0.12 | 0.69 (0.43–1.11) | P = 0.13 |
| Charles-Deyo Cormibidity Score | P = 0.015 | |||||
| 0 | 83.3% | 64.1% | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 80.2% | 64.7% | 1.29 (0.76–2.17) | P = 0.34 | 1.29 (0.77–2.18) | P = 0.33 |
| 2 | 42.9% | NR | 4.57 (2.07–10.11) | P < 0.0001 | 4.32 (1.99–9.42) | P < 0.0001 |
| 3 | NR | NR | 2.66 (0.34–20.76) | P = 0.35 | 2.68 (0.35–20.82) | P = 0.35 |
| Kadish | P < 0.0001 | |||||
| A | 86.3% | 67.2% | Ref | Ref | NI | NI |
| B | 89.6% | 82.7% | 0.64 (0.31–1.30) | P = 0.21 | NI | NI |
| C | 81.8% | 61.5% | 1.50 (0.94–2.41) | P = 0.09 | NI | NI |
| D | 60.0% | 29.5% | 4.20 (2.27–7.77) | P < 0.0001 | NI | NI |
| T-Stage | P = 0.083 | |||||
| 1 | 85.9% | 66.9% | NI | NI | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 88.9% | 76.0% | NI | NI | 0.87 (0.41–1.84) | P = 0.72 |
| 3 | 82.8% | 65.4% | NI | NI | 1.20 (0.70–2.06) | P = 0.51 |
| 4a | 75.4% | 57.3% | NI | NI | 1.42 (0.80–2.54) | P = 0.24 |
| 4b | 78.4% | 56.2% | NI | NI | 1.66 (0.99–2.79) | P = 0.055 |
| Dulguerov T- Stage | P = 0.0028 | |||||
| 1 | 87.3% | 71.1% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| 2 | 84.3% | 62.9% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| 3 | 72.3% | 48.9% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| 4 | 77.9% | 60.5% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Lymph Node Status | P = 0.0002 | |||||
| (+) Lymph Nodes | 68.3% | 31.4% | NI | NI | Ref | Ref |
| (−) Lymph Nodes | 82.9% | 65.9% | NI | NI | 0.39 (0.23–0.66) | P = 0.001 |
| Distant Metastasis | P < 0.0001 | |||||
| (+) Metastases | 36.4% | NR | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| (−) Metastases | 83.3% | 64.8% | NI | NI | NI | NI |
| Hyams Grade | P = 0.064 | |||||
| 1 | 88.4% | 81.0% | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 86.4% | 59.4% | 0.72 (0.26–1.99) | P = 0.53 | 0.85 (0.31–2.31) | P = 0.75 |
| 3 | 71.3% | 69.0% | 1.06 (0.40–2.85) | P = 0.90 | 1.34 (0.50–3.59) | P = 0.56 |
| 4 | 73.5% | 66.8% | 0.97 (0.31–2.99) | P = 0.95 | 1.31 (0.43–4.02) | P = 0.63 |
| Not stated | 83.8% | 61.1% | 0.89 (0.35–2.27) | P = 0.80 | 1.06 (0.41–2.71) | P = 0.90 |
Abbreviations: C, Chemotherapy; CI, confidence interval; CRT, Chemoradiotherapy; ENB, Esthesioneuroblastoma; NCI, National Cancer Institute; NI, not included; NR, not reportable; R, Radiotherapy; Ref, reference.