Table 3.

Factors associated with mortality in adults diagnosed with GBM from the National Cancer Data Base, 1998–2006 from a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model

		Hazard ratio	95% CI	P value
Age group (years)	20–49	0.35	0.34–0.37	<.0001
	50–64	0.54	0.52–0.56	<.0001
	65–74	0.73	0.71–0.75	<.0001
	≥75	ref	-	-
Race	Black	0.88	0.85–0.92	<.0001
	Other	0.72	0.67–0.76	.007
	Unknown	0.82	0.75–0.89	<.0001
	White	ref	-	-
Sex	Female	0.95	0.94–0.97	<.0001
	Male	ref	-	-
Hispanic	Yes	0.80	0.77–0.84	.0002
	Unknown	1.05	1.01–1.08	.005
	No	ref	-	-
Insurance	Medicaid	1.11	1.05–1.18	<.0001
	Medicare	1.12	1.07–1.18	<.0001
	Private	0.98	0.94–1.03	<.0001
	Not insured	ref	-	-
Income	≤$30000	1.08	1.04–1.12	<.0001
	$30000–$34999	1.10	1.07–1.14	<.0001
	$35000–$45999	1.07	1.05–1.10	<.0001
	> $46000	ref	-	-
Educationa	≥29%	0.96	0.93–0.99	.002
	20–28.9%	0.98	0.95–1.01	<.0001
	14–19.9%	1.01	0.99–1.04	<.0001
	≤14%	ref	-	-
Primary site	Others	1.03	0.96–1.11	.443
	Cerebrum and brain lobes	0.89	0.82–0.96	.002
	Ventricle/cerebellum/brainstem	ref	-	-
Histology	Gliosarcoma	1.03	0.97–1.10	.32
	Giant Cell GBM	0.74	0.66–0.82	<.0001
	GBM, NOS	ref	-	-
Years of Diagnosis	2005–2006	0.90	0.88–0.92	<.0001
	1998–2004	ref	-	-
Treatment	Radiation + Chemotherapy+Surgery	0.25	0.25–0.26	<.0001
	Radiation+Surgery	0.34	0.33–0.36	<.0001
	Radiation+Chemotherapy	0.40	0.38–0.41	<.0001
	Surgery	0.57	0.55–0.59	<.0001
	Other Combinations	0.47	0.46–0.49	<.0001
	None	ref	-	-

GBM, glioblastoma; NOS, not otherwise specified

^aEducation refers to the percentage of non-High school graduates in the patient’s residential zip code.