Table 1.
International recommendations for breakfast in 2010-18
| Country | Source | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom5 6 | British Dietetic Association (2016) and Eatwell Guide (2016): https://www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/healthy_breakfast, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/742750/Eatwell_Guide_booklet_2018v4.pdf | “Skipping breakfast won’t help you lose weight. You could miss out on essential nutrients and you may end up snacking more throughout the day because you feel hungry.” |
| Australia7 | Dieticians Association of Australia (2013): https://daa.asn.au/resource/breakfast-cereals-and-body-weight-fact-sheet/ | “Research shows that consuming breakfast regularly is associated with lower levels of overweight and obesity. Breakfast fills you up, meaning you are less likely to experience hunger pangs throughout day and resort to snacking on high energy, high fat foods.” |
| United States8 | Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: adult weight management (2014): https://www.andeal.org/vault/pq132.pdf | “The majority of observational research reported that breakfast consumption is associated with a lower BMI and decreased obesity risk, while omitting breakfast is associated with a higher BMI and increased obesity risk. Several studies suggest that cereal-based breakfasts are associated with lower BMI, while breakfasts that are very high in energy are associated with higher BMI” |
| Ireland9 | Food Safety Authority of Ireland: scientific recommendations for healthy eating guidelines (2011), p58: https://www.fsai.ie/recommendationsforhealthyeatingguidelinesinireland.html | “[When watching weight] Never skip meals; breakfast is especially important” |
| New Zealand10 | Food and nutrition guidelines for healthy children and young people (2015): www.health.govt.nz/publication/food-and-nutrition-guidelines-healthy-children-and-young-people-aged-2-18-years-background-paper | “Breakfast consumption is associated with a range of positive outcomes, including better nutrient intake and a healthy body weight.” |
BMI=body mass index.