Table 3.

Risk of bias assessment in randomised controlled trials

Author (year)	Sequence generation	Allocation concealment	Blinding of participants and personnel	Blinding of outcome assessors		Incomplete outcome data	Selective reporting	Other bias	Overall risk of bias
				Subjective outcomes	Objective outcomes
Astbury 2011	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Not applicable	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Betts 2014	Low risk	Low risk	High risk	High risk	Not applicable	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	High risk
Chowdhury 2016	Low risk	Low risk	High risk	High risk	Not applicable	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	High risk
Clayton 2015	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Dhurandhar 2014	Low risk	Low risk	High risk	Low risk	Not applicable	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Farshchi 2005	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Geliebter 2014	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Low risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
LeCheminant 2017	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Levitsky 2013 (study 2)	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Reeves 2014	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Not applicable	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Schlundt 1992	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Thomas 2015	Low risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	High risk
Yoshimura 2017	Unclear risk	Unclear risk	High risk	High risk	Unclear risk	Low risk	Low risk	Low risk	High risk