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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: IUBMB Life. 2018 Nov 22;71(2):152–165. doi: 10.1002/iub.1969

Figure 1: Different anatomical regions of the lung, representing unique microbial signatures.

Figure 1:

The environment heavily influences oral/nasal microbiome (i), which in turn, influences the upper respiratory microbiota (ii). The resilience and uniqueness of the lower respiratory microbiome (iii) has been controversial due to challenges in sampling techniques and analysis pipelines.