Table 1:

Summary of documented lung microbial changes due to environmental factors and diseases.

Disease or Environmental factor	Alterations to diversity	Increase in relative abundance (Phyla/ class/ genera)	Decrease in relative abundance (Phyla/ class/ genera)	Key genera	Reference
Asthma	Not reported	Proteobacteria	Bacteroidetes	Haemophilus Moraxella Neisseria Prevotella Veillonella	28
Breast Feeding	Not reported	Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Firmicutes	Not reported	Moraxella Corynebacterium Dolosigranulum	65
Diet	Decreased alpha diversity	Streptococcus Klebsiella	All other phyla	S. pneumoniae K. pneumoniae	77–79
Smoking	Increased alpha diversity	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	56
Pollutants	Not reported	Firmicutes Verrucomicrobia	Bacteroidetes	Not reported	82
COPD	Not reported	Proteobacteria Bacteriodetes Actinobacteria Firmicutes	Bacteroidetes	Haemophilus Pseudomonas Prevotella Streptococcus Moraxella Acinetobacter Fusobacterium Neisseria	28, 71
Cystic Fibrosis	Decreased Diversity and Richness	Firmicutes Proteobacteria Actinobacteria	Not reported	Streptococcus Staphylococcus Mycobacterium Hemophilus Burkholderia Pseudomonas Stenotrophomonas	74, 76
HIV	Decreased alpha diversity	Proteobacteria Firmicutes Actinobacteria	Not reported	Prevotella Veillonella	81, 87
Lung Cancer	Not reported	Proteobacteria Firmicutes TM7	Not reported	Thermus Legionella Veillonella Megasphaera	52, 79
Influenza A virus	Decreased alpha diversity	Lactobacillus Streptococcus	Bacillus Pseudomonas	Lactobacillus Streptococcus Bacillus Pseudomonas	106,107
Rhinovirus and SRV	Not reported	Moraxella Streptococcus Corynebacterium Hemophilus Dolosigranulum	Staphylococcus	Moraxella Streptococcus Corynebacterium Hemophilus Dolosigranulum Staphylococcus	62, 109