Table 1.
Characteristics of Enrolled Patients with MMP Pathway Measurements
| Characteristics | All Patients (n = 235) | Survivors (n = 193) | Nonsurvivors (n = 42) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr, median (IQR) | 4.1 (1.0–11.5) | 3.7 (0.9–11.3) | 7.7 (2.5–12.6) | 0.141 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 125 (53.2) | 98 (50.8) | 27 (64.3) | 0.112 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.712 | |||
| White | 160 (68.1) | 132 (68.4) | 28 (66.7) | |
| Unknown | 30 (12.8) | 24 (12.4) | 6 (14.3) | |
| Black | 17 (7.2) | 15 (7.8) | 2 (4.8) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 15 (6.4) | 13 (6.7) | 2 (4.8) | |
| Multiple | 12 (5.1) | 8 (4.2) | 4 (9.5) | |
| American Indian | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.568 | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 84 (35.7) | 67 (34.7) | 17 (40.5) | |
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 139 (59.2) | 117 (60.6) | 22 (52.4) | |
| Unknown | 12 (5.1) | 9 (4.7) | 3 (7.1) | |
| Lung injury etiology, n (%) | 0.288 | |||
| Pneumonia | 127 (54.5) | 104 (54.2) | 23 (56.1) | |
| Sepsis | 49 (21.0) | 38 (19.8) | 11 (26.8) | |
| Other | 27 (11.6) | 26 (13.5) | 2 (4.9) | |
| Trauma | 13 (5.6) | 11 (5.7) | 2 (4.9) | |
| Aspiration | 12 (5.2) | 10 (5.2) | 2 (4.9) | |
| TRALI | 5 (2.2) | 3 (1.6) | 2 (4.9) | |
| Cancer/HCT, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Cancer | 26 (11.2) | 11 (5.7) | 15 (36.7) | |
| HCT | 29 (12.6) | 14 (7.4) | 15 (35.7) | |
| Cancer or HCT | 41 (17.5) | 20 (10.4) | 21 (50.0) | |
| WBC, median (IQR) | 7.8 (4.3–14) | 8.9 (5.1–14.4) | 3.9 (1.9–7.8) | <0.001 |
| Day 1 illness severity, median (IQR) | ||||
| P/F | 132 (84.3–220) | 145 (88.3–239) | 96.3 (72.2–157.3) | 0.005 |
| OI | 10.1 (6.1–19.6) | 9.3 (5.4–17.2) | 15.3 (9.8–30.4) | 0.002 |
| PRISM-3 | 12 (7–20) | 12 (6–19) | 17 (11–20) | 0.006 |
| Day 3 illness severity, median (IQR) | ||||
| P/F | 173.9 (116.1–264.8) | 194.7 (120–272) | 125 (98.5–162) | <0.001 |
| OI | 7.9 (4.5–14.5) | 6.9 (4.3–13.8) | 13.1 (9.7–21.7) | <0.001 |
| PELOD | 11 (1–12) | 11 (1–11) | 11 (10–21) | 0.002 |
Definition of abbreviations: HCT = hematopoietic cellular transplantation; IQR = interquartile range; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; OI = oxygenation index; PELOD = Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score; P/F ratio = PaO2/FiO2 ratio; PRISM-3 = Pediatric Risk of Mortality-3; TRALI = transfusion-associated acute lung injury; WBC = white blood cell count.
Associations were tested with Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum for nonnormally distributed continuous variables. On Day 1, P/F ratio n = 219; OI n = 198; PRISM-3 n = 198. On Day 3, P/F ratio n = 208; OI n = 181, PELOD n = 235. Bold P values indicate statistical significance with an a priori set threshold of P < 0.05.