5. Proportion of macrolide‐resistant streptococci.

Proportion of macrolide‐resistant streptococci1 isolates: 3 studies
Study ID	Type of macrolide (days of treatment)	Time for follow‐up swabs	Proportion of resistant streptococci at baseline		Proportion of resistant streptococci after treatment		Absolute increase in resistance with antibiotic (%)	Relative increase in resistance with antibiotic (%)
			Macrolide	Placebo	Macrolide	Placebo
Brusselle 20132	AZM (182)	Day 30	18	11	52	10	35	6
		Day 180			74	18	49	8
		Day 210			44	12	25	5
Malhotra‐Kumar 2007a3	AZM (3)	Day 4	26	28	87	33	52	‐27
		Day 8			83	34	47	‐25
		Day 14			83	34	47	‐25
		Day 28			80	33	45	‐24
		Day 42			67	36	29	‐16
		Day 180			46	23	21	‐12
Malhotra‐Kumar 2007b4	CLM (7)	Day 8	30	25	81	31	45	10
		Day 14			71	31	35	8
		Day 28			63	30	28	7
		Day 42			59	28	26	6
		Day 180			43	21	17	4
Serisier 20135	ERY (336)	Week 48	N/A	N/A	29	0	N/A	N/A

Abbreviations: 
 AZM: azithromycin.
 CLM: clarithromycin.
 ERY: erythromycin.
 N/A: not available.

¹Denominator: number of streptococci.

²Data from Figure S3 in Brusselle 2013. A subsample of participants (42%) was tested for resistant bacteria.

³Data from Figure 2 in Malhotra‐Kumar 2007a. Note that only about 47% of participants attended follow‐up on day 180.

⁴Data from Figure 2 in Malhotra‐Kumar 2007b. Note that only about 47% of participants attended follow‐up on day 180.

⁵Data from eTable 2 in Serisier 2013. Results are presented for the intention‐to‐treat population. Report on median change in the proportion of macrolide‐resistant streptococci.