Kalliafas 1996.

Methods	Design: randomised, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial
Participants	Number assigned: 57 adults and elderly (macrolide n = 31, placebo n = 26) Age in years (mean (range)): macrolide: 54.7 (19 to 84), placebo: 57.8 (19 to 86) Setting: secondary care
Interventions	Indication: critically ill individuals assessed as needing nutrition support Type of macrolide: erythromycin lactobionate Route: intravenous Dose per day: 200 mg Duration of treatment: 1 day Total treatment dose: 200 mg
Outcomes	Adverse events stated as an outcome in trial registration/protocol/paper: no Adverse events ascertainment: unclear Adverse events: not reported Antimicrobial resistance: not reported Death: not reported
Funding sources	None stated.
Notes	Concomitant medication: unclear
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number table used.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Central allocation
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Saline used as placebo.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No reporting of relevant outcomes. Participants and clinicians blinded.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No dropouts
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Adverse events not stated as an outcome, unclear ascertainment, adverse events not reported.
Other bias	Low risk	None were identified.