Keenan 2018.

Methods	Design: cluster‐randomised placebo‐controlled trial
Participants	Number assigned: 1533 communities (macrolide n = 767 communities (97,047 children), placebo n = 766 communities (93,191 children), excluded n = 20 communities, declined n = 1 community) Age in months (range): 1 to 59 Setting: communities in Malawi, Niger, and Tanzania
Interventions	Indication: mass distribution of antibiotics to reduce mortality Type of macrolide: azithromycin Route: per oral Dose: minimum 20 mg/kg once. Repeated twice yearly Duration of treatment: 4 years Total treatment dose: N/A
Outcomes	Adverse events stated as an outcome in trial registration/protocol/paper: unclear Ascertainment of adverse events: parents asked Adverse event: data reported Antimicrobial resistance: not reported Death: data reported
Funding sources	Supported by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Pfizer provided both the azithromycin and the placebo.
Notes	Concomitant medication: unclear
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Central computer‐generated randomisation
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Central allocation
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Identical‐appearing placebo
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinding of participants, observers, and investigators
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Reasons for exclusion of 20 communities explained, no communities were lost to follow‐up after the initial census.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Unclear if adverse events were stated as an outcome, standardised ascertainment. Report on very few adverse events in a large trial population
Other bias	Low risk	None were identified.