Summary of findings 5. Other pharmaceutical agents compared with placebo or other control interventions for traumatic hyphema.
| Other pharmaceutical agents compared with placebo or other control interventions for traumatic hyphema | ||||||
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Patient or population: people with traumatic hyphema Settings: hospital Intervention: other pharmaceutical agent Comparison: placebo or usual care | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No. of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Control | Pharmaceutical agent | |||||
| Short‐term visual acuity between 20/20 and 20/60 at end of treatment; cycloplegics versus miotics | 529 per 1000 | 434 per 1000 (211 to 768) | RR 0.82 (0.46 to 1.45) | 34 (1) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | 1% homatropine versus 4% pilocarpine Visual acuity measured at end of treatment, typically within 2 weeks of occurence of hyphema. |
| Risk of secondary hemorrhage; conjugated estrogen | 217 per 1000 | 257 per 1000 (120 to 552) | RR 1.18 (0.55 to 2.54) | 85 (1) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ moderate1 | Conjugated estrogen, 5 to 10 mg intramuscularly for children under 10 years of age and 20 mg intravenously for children 10 years of age or older and adults, versus placebo |
| Risk of secondary hemorrhage; cycloplegics | 22 per 1000 | 22 per 1000 (3 to 149) | RR 1.03 (0.15 to 6.99) | 92 (2) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1,2,3 | 1% homatropine versus 4% pilocarpine in first study; 1% atropine versus 2% pilocarpine in second study |
| Risk of secondary hemorrhage; aspirin | 71 per 1000 | 130 per 1000 (24 to 716) | RR 1.83 (0.33 to 10.02) | 51 (1) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | 500 mg aspirin 3 times/day for 5 days versus observation |
| *The basis for the assumed risk is the control group risk across studies. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate certainty: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low certainty: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low certainty: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1Downgraded for imprecision (‐1). 2Downgraded for risk of bias (‐1). 3Downgraded for inconsistency (large variation in effect estimate across trials) (‐1).