Table 3. Thrust power of dolphins in high-speed swimming and standing swimming.
| Species | Mass (kg) | Length (m) | Velocity (m s-1) | Method* | Thrust power (W) | Power-to-weight ratio (W kg-1) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delphinus delphis | 90.7 | 1.8 | 10.1 | D | 1938.8 | 21.4 | Gray (1936) [1] |
| Phocoena phocoena | 24.0 | 1.2 | 7.6 | D | 447.4 | 18.6 | Gray (1936) [1] |
| Orcinus orca | 1645.4 | 4.8 | 8.0 | US | 36259.6 | 22.0 | Fish (1998) [5] |
| Pseudorca crassidens | 535.8 | 3.8 | 7.5 | US | 12065.7 | 22.5 | Fish (1998) [5] |
| Stenella attenuata | 52.7 | 1.86 | 11.05 | A | 4517.8 | 85.7 | Lang and Pryor (1966) [15] |
| Tursiops truncatus | 214.9 | 2.6 | 6.0 | US | 5090.9 | 23.7 | Fish (1998) [5] |
| Tursiops truncatus | 138 | 2.3 | Standing | NS | 8582 (fluke-beat-averaged), 18395 (instantaneous) | 62.2 (fluke-beat-averaged), 133.3 (instantaneous) | Isogai (2014) [29] |
| Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | 91.0 | 2.1 | 5.5 | QS | 6180 | 67.9 | Webb (1975) [11] |
| Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | 91.0 | 2.1 | 5.5 | US | 4030 | 44.3 | Webb (1975) [11] |
| Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | 91.0 | 2.1 | 5.2 | US | 1223.7 | 13.4 | Yates (1983) [12] |
| Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | 110 | 2.1 | 7.4 (No. 3, 4) | A | 5.3 × 103 (fluke-beat-averaged) | 48 | Present study |
| Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | 110 | 2.1 | 8.4 (No. 5) | A | 9.9 × 103 (stroke-averaged) | 90 | Present study |
*Method: A, acceleration (Lang and Daybell (1963) [7]); D, drag-based (Gray (1936) [1]); QS, quasi-steady (Parry (1949) [9]); US, unsteady lifting surface (Lighthill (1969) [30], Chopra and Kambe (1977) [4]); NS, unsteady numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes equations.
**This table is based on the table by Fish et al. (2014) [18].