Comparison 12. Effects of school‐based asthma interventions vs usual care, including disaggregated effect sizes.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Exacerbations leading to hospitalisation ‐ standardised mean difference	3	719	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.20 [‐0.36, ‐0.03]
2 Exacerbations leading to hospitalisation ‐ odds ratio	3	1154	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.37, 1.36]
3 Exacerbations leading to hospitalisation ‐ harmonised effect sizes	6	1873	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.19 [‐0.35, ‐0.04]
4 Exacerbations leading to emergency department (ED) visits ‐ standardised mean difference	4	736	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.22 [‐0.38, ‐0.05]
5 Exacerbations leading to emergency department (ED) visits ‐ odds ratio	9	3147	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.47, 1.16]
6 Exacerbations leading to emergency department (ED) visits ‐ harmonised effect sizes	13	3883	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.53, 0.92]
7 Absence from school ‐ standardised mean difference	6	2720	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐0.30, 0.11]
8 Absence from school ‐ odds ratio	4	1889	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.59, 1.42]
9 Absence from school ‐ harmonised effect sizes	10	4609	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.08 [‐0.22, 0.07]
10 Days of restricted activity ‐ standardised mean difference	2	536	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.34 [‐0.52, ‐0.15]
11 Days of restricted activity ‐ odds ratio	1		Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
12 Days of restricted activity ‐ harmonised effect sizes	3	1852	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐0.41, ‐0.18]
13 Experience of daytime and night‐time symptoms ‐ daytime symptoms ‐ standardised mean difference	3	762	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.15 [‐0.33, 0.04]
14 Experience of daytime and night‐time symptoms ‐ daytime symptoms ‐ odds ratio	2	303	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.32, 1.55]
15 Experience of daytime and night‐time symptoms ‐ daytime symptoms ‐ harmonised effect sizes	5	1065	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.15 [‐0.32, 0.02]
16 Experience of daytime and night‐time symptoms ‐ night‐time symptoms ‐ standardised mean difference	3	323	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.36 [‐0.58, ‐0.14]
17 Experience of daytime and night‐time symptoms ‐ night‐time symptoms ‐ odds ratio	1	136	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.24 [0.56, 2.72]
18 Experience of daytime and night‐time symptoms ‐ night‐time symptoms ‐ harmonised effect sizes	4		Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.18 [‐0.52, 0.15]
19 Use of reliever therapies, e.g. beta₂‐agonists ‐ odds ratio	2	437	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.52 [0.15, 1.81]
20 Corticosteroid dosage and/or use of add‐on therapies (usage of)	3	614	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.25 [0.88, 1.79]
21 Corticosteroid dosage and/or use of add‐on therapies (appropriate usage of)	2		Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
22 Health‐related quality of life ‐ standardised mean difference	7	2502	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	0.27 [0.18, 0.36]
23 Health‐related quality of life (MD)	8	2950	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.35 [0.06, 0.64]
24 Unplanned visit to hospital or GP due to asthma symptoms ‐ standardised mean difference	1	280	Std. Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.28 [‐0.52, ‐0.05]
25 Unplanned visit to hospital or GP due to asthma symptoms ‐ odds ratio	4	1316	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.62, 0.98]
26 Unplanned visit to hospital or GP due to asthma symptoms ‐ harmonised effect sizes	5	1596	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.60, 0.90]
27 Withdrawal from the study	13	3442	Odds Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.92, 1.43]