NCT00512122.

Trial name or title	Impact of early parenteral nutrition completing enteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients
Methods	Participants randomly divided into EN or EN and early PN group. Multi‐centre study
Participants	Inclusion criteria Adults admitted to any 1 of 5 ICUs NRS ≥ 3 at ICU admission Exclusion criteria DNR code or moribund at time of ICU admission Already enrolled in another trial Transferred from another ICU with an established nutritional therapy Ketoacidotic or hyperosmolar coma on admission BMI < 17 kg/m² Short bowel syndrome Known to be pregnant or nursing On mechanical ventilation at home NRS score < 3 Readmitted to ICU after randomization to the EPaNIC trial Not critically ill on admission
Interventions	EN group: withholding PN during the first week of ICU stay. Participants will receive exclusively EN. If EN is insufficient after 7th day of ICU stay, PN will be started. EN and early PN: PN will be started the morning of 3rd day of ICU stay. Amount of PN will be calculated to cover the caloric needs of the participant, based on EN energy intake during the previous 24 hours.
Outcomes	Length of stay in ICU Mortality Days to weaning from mechanical ventilation Need for renal replacement therapies Presence or absence of new kidney injury during ICU stay Days of vasopressor or inotropic support Presence or absence of signs of ICU liver disease Need for tracheotomy Presence or absence of hyperinflammation within 5 days of ICU admission Blood lipid profiles and albumin on days 1, 5, 10, and 15 after admission Presence or absence of bacteraemia, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, and wound infections Episodes of hypoglycaemic events Amount and type of calories delivered Muscle strength Rehabilitation/functionality
Starting date	August 2007
Contact information	Greet Van den Berghe, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Notes	Clinical trials registration ID: NCT00512122