Table 2.
Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects categorized by FLI
| FLI <20 (n=5,565) | 95% CI | FLI 20–59 (n=3,408) | 95% CI | FLI ≥60 (n=1,134) | 95% CI | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FLI | 7.88 | 7.70–8.06 | 36.88 | 36.42–37.33 | 74.84 | 74.06–75.62 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 41.7 | 41.0–42.4 | 50.9 | 50.0–51.7 | 48.0 | 46.7–49.3 | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 2,086 (30.2%) | 1,164 (52.2%) | 719 (62.1%) | ||||
| Female | 4,831 (69.8%) | 1,065 (47.8%) | 438 (37.9%) | ||||
| Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 4,757 (66.6%) | 1,155 (47.0) | 471 (36.6) | ||||
| Ex-smoker | 1,091 (15.9%) | 571 (25.8) | 336 (27.5) | ||||
| Current smoker | 934 (17.5%) | 447 (27.2) | 325 (35.8) | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.5 | 21.4–21.6 | 25.2 | 25.1–25.3 | 28.4 | 28.2–28.7 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 74.0 | 73.7–74.3 | 86.2 | 85.9–86.5 | 95.4 | 94.8–96.0 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 112.8 | 112.2–113.5 | 123.3 | 122.6–124.1 | 126.2 | 125.1–127.4 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.9 | 72.5–73.3 | 79.0 | 78.5–79.5 | 82.5 | 81.7–83.2 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.55 | 5.51–5.59 | 6.00 | 5.93–6.08 | 6.30 | 6.18–6.42 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 90.7 | 90.2–91.2 | 100.3 | 99.2–101.3 | 108.5 | 106.4–110.6 | <0.001 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 9.3 | 9.0–9.6 | 11.4 | 11.0–11.8 | 15.1 | 14.0–16.2 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.12 | 2.03–2.20 | 2.85 | 2.74–2.96 | 4.11 | 3.77–4.44 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 178.2 | 177.0–179.4 | 196.6 | 195.1–198.1 | 205.7 | 203.1–208.4 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 82.1 | 80.9–83.3 | 155.2 | 151.6–158.7 | 249.7 | 236.3–263.0 | <0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.9 | 51.6–52.3 | 44.6 | 44.2–45.1 | 41.7 | 41.0–42.4 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 109.0 | 108.0–110.0 | 122.5 | 121.1–123.9 | 121.4 | 118.7–124.0 | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 19.1 | 18.8–19.4 | 22.5 | 22.1–22.9 | 29.1 | 28.0–30.2 | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 15.5 | 15.2–15.9 | 24.0 | 23.3–24.7 | 37.8 | 35.9–39.7 | <0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 18.0 | 17.6–18.4 | 33.7 | 32.4–35.1 | 70.9 | 65.6–76.3 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: FLI, fatty liver index; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.