Effect of inhibiting Crm1 expression on HNSCC cell viability, proliferation, and migration using siRNA. (a) Cell proliferation
assays were performed using the xCELLigence RTCA-DP system. The primary UT-SCC-74A and metastatic UT-SCC-74B HNSCC
cell lines were transfected with siRNA and cell viability was monitored 120 h after transfection. The primary and metastatic HNSCC
cells showed no similar sensitivities to Crm1 inhibition. In primary cells, proliferation decreased by Crm1-siRNA after 80 h (P <
0.05). The metastatic HNSCC cancer cells were significantly reduced by Crm1-siRNA after 20 h (P < 0.05). (b) Caspase-3 activity in
Crm1-knockdown HNSCC cells. Cells were in Crm1-siRNA transfection-activated apoptosis in the HNSCC cells compared to the
nontargeting siRNA‑treated (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.001) (scale bar, 300 μm). (c) In HNSCC cells, there was significant difference between
the Crm1-siRNA- and NT-siRNA-treated cells in terms of migration capability (for both P < 0.05) (scale bar, 50 μm). (e) Cell migration
in Crm1-siRNA-treated HNSCC cells showed a decrease (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.05) (scale bar, 200 μm).