Table 2.
Predictors of any self-harm injury ED visit during 2010.
| Bivariate modelsa | Partially adjusted modelsb | Fully adjusted modelc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Covariates | |||
| Race/ethnicity (ref: white) | |||
| Black | 0.72 (0.65, 0.80) | n.a. | 0.76 (0.68, 0.86) |
| Hispanic | 0.70 (0.65, 0.75) | n.a. | 0.78 (0.72, 0.84) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) | n.a. | 0.89 (0.74, 1.06) |
| Other | 0.86 (0.76, 0.98) | n.a. | 0.90 (0.78, 1.02) |
| Insurance type (ref: private) | |||
| Medicaid | 1.09 (1.02, 1.17) | n.a. | 1.08 (1.00, 1.16) |
| Self-pay | 0.73 (0.65, 0.81) | n.a. | 0.77 (0.68, 0.86) |
| Other | 0.94 (0.80, 1.12) | n.a. | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) |
| Total ED visits, 2006–2006 | 1.08 (1.07, 1.09) | n.a. | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) |
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Residential mobility (ref: 1 zip code recorded) | |||
| >1 zip code recorded | 1.72 (1.56, 1.89) | 1.41 (1.26, 1.57) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.38) |
| No visit recorded | 0.84 (0.78, 0.89) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.16) |
| Area-level characteristics | |||
| Urbanicity of zip (ref: metropolitan) | |||
| Micropolitan | 1.16 (1.02, 1.32) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.11) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) |
| Small town/rural | 0.99 (0.81, 1.21) | 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.19) |
| Economic disadvantage of zip (ref: Q1) | |||
| Quartile 2 | 0.89 (0.81, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.84, 0.99) | 0.91 (0.83, 1.00) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.87 (0.80, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.82, 0.98) | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) |
| Quartile 4 (highest disadvantage) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.82) | 0.80 (0.72, 0.87) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) |
| Patient ED utilization, 2006–2009 | |||
| Mental health visits: | |||
| Any mental health visit | 4.27 (3.89, 4.68) | 3.99 (3.58, 4.44) | 1.78 (1.51, 2.11) |
| Any self-harm visit | 11.64 (9.52, 14.24) | 9.51 (7.70, 11.76) | 3.60 (2.82, 4.59) |
| Any anxiety disorder visit | 4.36 (3.75, 5.07) | 3.22 (2.74, 3.79) | 1.05 (0.85, 1.30) |
| Any mood disorder visit | 7.42 (6.47, 8.51) | 6.79 (5.84, 7.89) | 2.25 (1.84, 2.75) |
| Any attention/conduct disorder visit | 4.91 (3.98, 6.05) | 3.37 (2.69, 4.22) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.63) |
| Any psychotic disorder visit | 10.71 (7.78, 14.75) | 7.62 (5.45, 10.66) | 2.45 (1.68, 3.58) |
| Any substance use visit | 3.9 (3.44, 4.62) | 2.99 (2.55, 3.50) | 1.68 (1.40, 2.02) |
| Any assault injury visit | 2.14 (1.83, 2.50) | 1.57 (1.33, 1.86) | 1.43 (1.18, 1.73) |
| Any unintentional injury visit | 1.55 (1.45, 1.66) | 1.28 (1.19, 1.39) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.09) |
| Any somatic complaint visit | 1.02 (0.96, 1.09) | 0.74 (0.72, 0.77) | 0.90 (0.86, 0.94) |
Boldface font indicates statistical significance (p<0.05). All models were estimated using conditional logistic regression (matching factors: sex, age, and month of index visit) and additionally controlled for age as a continuous variable.
a
Bivariate models controlled for patient age.
b
Partially adjusted models controlled for patient age, race/ethnicity, insurance status at index visit, and total number of ED visits observed during 2006–2009. Coefficients for these covariates are not shown in the table as their values changed slightly with each model.
c
Fully adjusted model included patient age and all variables in the Table.