Figure 1.

HSCs are central to the establishment of trained immunity. (A) In Kaufmann et al., BCG alters the transcriptome profile of HSC and multipotent progenitors (MPP). This leads to an increase in myelopoiesis which generates epigenetically reprogrammed monocytes and macrophages that are enhanced in their ability to resolve Mtb infection. (B) In Mitroulis et al., β-glucan induces the expansion of HSCs and MPPs. In addition, β-glucan altered IL1β and GM-CSF signaling as well as glucose and lipid metabolism in MPPs. Peripheral myeloid cells derived from β-glucan-trained progenitors were enhanced in their ability to resolve systemic inflammation.