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. 2019 Jan 30;9:958. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35757-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Meth induced the expression of activation markers in unstimulated CD4⁺ T-cells: (A) Unstimulated CD4⁺ T-cells were treated with or without Meth (100 µM) for 3 days, cells were harvested on days 0, 1 and 3 (D0, D1 and D3), stained for the indicated T-cell activation markers, fixed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Bar diagrams showing the fold change in the expression of indicated activation markers in Meth treated unstimulated CD4⁺ T-cells. Fold change was calculated by normalizing the Meth treated cells to untreated cells (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001). (B) Fold change in the expression of CD69 (left panel) and HLA-DR (right panel) in untreated or Meth treated unstimulated CD4⁺ T-cells in the presence or absence of sigma-1 receptor inhibitor (σ1 R inh.) after 3 days (*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01).