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. 2019 Jan 30;9:989. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37047-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Map of the Nordic Seas and marginal Arctic Ocean showing the modern oceanography and sea ice extent. ODP Site 907 (69°14.989′N, 12°41.894′W; ~1800 m water depth), ODP Hole 911A (80°28.466′N, 8°13.640′E; 902 m water depth) and other core locations discussed in the text (ODP holes 642B and 910C) are indicated. The mean minimum (=September, dotted line) and mean maximum (=March, dashed line) sea ice extent between 1981 and 2010 are shown (from http://nsidc.org/data/G02135)⁵³. Map was generated with Ocean Data View⁵⁴.