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. 2019 Jan 30;9:978. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37425-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mechanical Compression stimulates the mRNA expression and secretion of GDF15. (a) MIA PaCa-2 cells were subjected to 4.0 mmHg of compressive stress for 16 hours and the expression of GDF15 was measured by qPCR. The mRNA expression in each sample was quantified by the ΔΔCt method using the expression in uncompressed cells as a reference. Bar graphs represent the mean fold change ± SE of four biological replicates (n = 12). Statistically significant changes between compressed and uncompressed cells are indicated by an asterisk (*) (p < 0.05). (b) Western Blotting showing the secretion of GDF15 in the conditioned medium (concentrated by 40X) of compressed MIA PaCa-2 from three independent experiments. Coomassie staining was used to verify equal protein loading. Full length blot can be found in Supplementary Fig. 6a.