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. 2019 Jan 30;10:493. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-08355-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Design of the pufferfish-inspired ingestible hydrogel device. a A pufferfish inflates its body into a large ball by rapidly imbibing water²². b Bulk hydrogels swell in water with a low swelling speed¹⁰. c Porous hydrogels swell in water with a low swelling ratio²⁰. d The designed hydrogel device swells in water with both a high speed and a high ratio. e Schematic of the fabrication process and working principle of the designed hydrogel device. f Photographs of the fabrication process and working principle of the designed hydrogel device. Scale bars are 0.5 mm for the first image in (f) and 10 mm for the other images in (f)