Table 2.

Open clinical trials

Trial	Sample	Number of subjects (completed)	Trial duration (in weeks)	Washout?	Augmentation?	Drug/neuromodulation	Dose range (mg/day)	Outcome
Mantovani et al. [15] (phase 2)	Treatment resistant patients with PD+MDD; no drop-outs from phase 1	21 (17)	4	No	Antidepressants, atipsychotics, mood stabilizers and other drugs	rTMS to the right DLPFC	Twenty 30-min. trains (1,800 stimuli/train), 1-Hz, at 110% of resting motor threshold	4 weeks rTMS - response:* 38%; remission: †13%.
								8 weeks (cumulative) rTMS - response:* 67%; remission:† 50%.
Choi et al. [16]	PD patients	119 (57)	24	Two weeks; five weeks for fluoxetine	Allowed PRN use of alprazolam or clonazepam; and zolpidem	Escitalopram	5–20	Significant improvement in PDSS (-11.2, 95% CI -12.8 to -9.6, p= 0.0001) and SDS scores (p=0.0001); response:‡ 80.7%; remission:§ 73.1%;
Shah et al. [17]	Treatment resistant PD patients	22 (18)	10	7–14 days for current SSRI or SNRI medications; five weeks for fluoxetine	Allowed to continue concomitant treatment with benzodiazepines or hypnotics	Vortioxetine	5–20	Significant improvement in the PDSS scores (-8.9 p<0.05); significant improvement in PA frequency (-1.1, p<0.05)

^*response: ≥40% decrease on the PDSS scores and ≥50% decrease on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores,

^†remission: PDSS scores below five and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores below 10.,

^‡response: >50% decrease in PDSS scores,

^§remission: absence of full panic attack and PDSS scores ≤7.

PD: panic disorder, MDD: major depression disorder, rTMS: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, PDSS: Panic Disorder Severity Scale, PRN: pro re nata, SDS: Sheehan Disability Scale, SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, SNRI: serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor