Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of adult discharges with cholangitis who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography during their hospital stay (n = 4570), stratified by timing to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Nationwide Readmission Database January–November, 2014 n (%)
|
ERCP timing |
P Value | ||
| Late ERCP, 1528 (33.4) | Early ERCP, 3042 (66.6) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Age, mean (SD), yr | 65.1 (18.3) | 63.6 (18.1) | 0.0089 |
| Age category | 0.0560 | ||
| Young adults (18-39 yr) | 179 (11.7) | 378 (12.4) | |
| Middle age (40-64 yr) | 472 (30.9) | 1031 (33.9) | |
| Older adults (> 65 yr) | 877 (57.4) | 1633 (53.7) | |
| Male sex | 717 (46.9) | 1485 (48.8) | 0.2271 |
| Abdominal pain | 87 (5.7) | 115 (3.8) | 0.0030 |
| Jaundice | 115 (7.5) | 178 (5.9) | 0.0292 |
| Cholelithiasis | 430 (28.1) | 918 (30.2) | 0.5810 |
| Choledocholithiasis | 968 (63.4) | 2093 (68.8) | 0.0088 |
| Biliary obstruction | 291 (19.0) | 436 (14.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Acute pancreatitis | 238 (15.6) | 428 (14.1) | 0.1734 |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 41 (2.7) | 57 (1.9) | 0.0747 |
| Malignant pancreatic neoplasm | 92 (6.0) | 117 (3.8) | 0.0009 |
| Cholangiocarcinoma of bile duct | 46 (3.0) | 69 (2.3) | 0.1300 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 95 (6.2) | 156 (5.1) | 0.1274 |
| Metastatic cancer | 78 (5.1) | 117 (3.8) | 0.0470 |
| Severe Cholangitis | 108 (7.1) | 233 (7.7) | 0.4729 |
| ≥ 4 Elixhauser comorbidities | 365 (23.9) | 549 (18.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Elixhauser mortality index mean (SD) | 6.9 (5.4) | 4.5 (3.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Elixhauser readmission index mean (SD) | 14.0 (14.3) | 11.4 (12.9) | < 0.0001 |
| ERCP techniques | |||
| Endoscopic sphincterotomy | 1057 (69.2) | 2,118 (69.6) | 0.7554 |
| Biliary/ampullary balloon dilation | 232 (15.2) | 394 (13.0) | 0.0385 |
| Biliary stent | 737 (48.2) | 1424 (46.8) | 0.3638 |
| Biliary stone extraction | 827 (54.1) | 1862 (61.2) | < 0.0001 |
| ERCP-pancreatic with intervention | 56 (3.7) | 108 (3.6) | 0.8442 |
| Admission characteristics | |||
| Weekend admission | 475 (31.1) | 615 (20.2) | < 0.0001 |
| Primary payer | 0.0002 | ||
| Medicare | 835 (54.7) | 1576 (51.8) | |
| Medicaid | 223 (14.6) | 379 (12.5) | |
| Private | 353 (23.1) | 882 (29.0) | |
| Self-pay/uninsured | 115 (7.5) | 203 (6.7) | |
| Discharge disposition | < 0.0001 | ||
| Discharged to home or self-care | 1086 (71.1) | 2441 (80.2) | |
| Transfer: Short-term hospital | 11 (0.7) | 29 (1.0) | |
| Transfer: Other type of facility | 171 (11.2) | 220 (7.2) | |
| Home health care | 217 (14.2) | 302 (9.9) | |
| Against medical advice | 6 (0.4) | 13 (0.4) | |
| Died in the hospital | 37 (2.4) | 36 (1.2) | |
ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.