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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Health Med. 2018 Jun 14;23(10):1182–1195. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1476723

Table 2.

Paired t-test comparing change in PHQ-9 item means at 6 and 18 months.

Frequency (%)
Change T1 to T3a
During the past 2 weeks how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems: Months post diagnosis Never Several Days > ½ or nearly every dayb t (1,121) p
1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things  6
12
18
66.7
70.0
63.4
16.3
17.1
20.3
17.1
12.5
16.3
−0.39 .699
2. Feel down, depressed or hopeless  6
12
18
62.6
63.3
57.7
21.1
24.2
23.6
16.3
12.5
18.7
−0.90 .371
3. Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much  6
12
18
48.8
59.2
52.8
16.3
13.3
18.7
35.0
27.5
28.5
1.86 .066
4. Feeling tired or having little energy  6
12
18
39.8
37.5
37.4
21.1
32.5
27.6
39.0
30.0
35.0
1.26 .210
5. Poor appetite or overeating  6
12
18
58.5
68.3
59.3
17.9
15.0
18.7
23.6
16.7
22.0
−0.15 .881
6. Feel bad about yourself – or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down  6
12
18
77.2
79.2
78.0
  9.8
12.5
12.2
13.0
  8.3
  9.8
1.05 .295
7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television  6
12
18
72.4
70.8
69.9
13.8
15.8
17.1
13.8
13.3
13.0
−0.32 .749
8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed. Or the opposite – being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual  6
12
18
72.4
69.2
72.4
13.0
18.3
15.4
14.6
12.5
12.2
0.53 .598
9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself  6
12
18
89.3
96.7
88.5
  5.7
  1.7
  9.0
  4.9
  1.7
  2.5
0.15 .880

Note. PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

a

Paired t-test comparing 6 months mean to 18 months mean (items rated on 4 point scale).

b

The categories of more than half of the days and nearly every day are combined in this table.