Table 6.
ANOVA test
| ASDAS-CRP | HADS depression | ||||||||||||||||
| Inactive disease (< 1.3) (n = 89) | Moderate disease activity (1.3 to < 2.1) (n = 64) | High disease activity (2.1 to < 3.5) (n = 57) | Very high disease activity (> 3.5) (n = 9) | P | Normal (0–7) (n = 161) | Borderline (8–10) (n = 30) | Abnormal (11–21) (n = 12) | P | |||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
| ODI score | 10.7 | 10.7 | 20.6 | 12.3 | 28.3 | 18.1 | 34.7 | 16.7 | < 0.001* | 15.1 | 12.9 | 32.6 | 15.2 | 40.4 | 17.3 | < 0.001* | |
| HADS score | |||||||||||||||||
| Depression | 4.0 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 3.2 | 7.9 | 5.1 | < 0.001* | 3.4 | 2.2 | 9.0 | 0.7 | 13.4 | 2.4 | < 0.001* | |
| Anxiety | 4.8 | 3.4 | 6.2 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 4.7 | 0.005* | 4.8 | 3.2 | 8.4 | 2.7 | 11.7 | 3.1 | < 0.001* | |
| Total | 8.8 | 6.0 | 11.1 | 7.6 | 13.2 | 6.1 | 14.8 | 9.2 | < 0.001* | 8.3 | 5.0 | 17.4 | 3.0 | 25.1 | 4.8 | < 0.001* | |
| EQ-5D VAS score | 71.1 | 15.9 | 61.4 | 17.1 | 56.8 | 17.5 | 33.9 | 20.0 | < 0.001* | 66.1 | 17.3 | 53.1 | 17.9 | 40.9 | 16.7 | < 0.001* | |
| EQ-5D-5 L score | 0.889 | 0.103 | 0.787 | 0.157 | 0.685 | 0.219 | 0.465 | 0.222 | < 0.001* | 0.834 | 0.149 | 0.640 | 0.220 | 0.557 | 0.266 | < 0.001* | |
| BASFI | 0.9 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 5.1 | 2.2 | < 0.001* | 1.7 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 4.7 | 2.5 | < 0.001* | |
| BASMI | 3.5 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 2.0 | < 0.001* | 3.8 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 1.4 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 0.004* | |
| SF-36 | |||||||||||||||||
| Physical functioning | 84.2 | 15.9 | 69.7 | 16.8 | 57.8 | 21.5 | 55.0 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 79.4 | 18.5 | 57.8 | 17.0 | 53.2 | 22.5 | < 0.001* | |
| Role physical | 80.5 | 17.8 | 67.7 | 22.8 | 53.1 | 24.3 | 37.5 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 76.9 | 20.4 | 54.6 | 18.0 | 46.6 | 25.2 | < 0.001* | |
| Role emotional | 82.1 | 20.8 | 70.2 | 23.1 | 53.7 | 27.5 | 66.7 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 79.7 | 21.5 | 56.5 | 17.2 | 32.6 | 23.7 | < 0.001* | |
| Vitality | 61.1 | 16.7 | 47.8 | 19.2 | 41.0 | 18.7 | 25.0 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 58.0 | 18.1 | 39.4 | 9.7 | 21.0 | 14.3 | < 0.001* | |
| Emotional well-being | 71.5 | 15.3 | 64.0 | 18.4 | 61.5 | 19.3 | 60.0 | 0.0 | 0.017* | 72.5 | 15.0 | 52.6 | 9.2 | 36.4 | 11.9 | < 0.001* | |
| Social functioning | 86.2 | 15.6 | 72.1 | 22.5 | 65.1 | 25.5 | 50.0 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 83.5 | 18.3 | 63.0 | 20.1 | 40.9 | 14.9 | < 0.001* | |
| Bodily pain | 74.5 | 17.7 | 56.3 | 19.0 | 40.9 | 16.8 | 45.0 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 66.7 | 21.5 | 50.0 | 20.8 | 38.9 | 12.7 | < 0.001* | |
| General health | 50.1 | 18.3 | 37.6 | 20.1 | 30.5 | 15.3 | 5.0 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 46.1 | 19.8 | 34.3 | 14.7 | 17.0 | 12.3 | < 0.001* | |
| PCS | 48.8 | 6.5 | 42.1 | 6.5 | 36.8 | 7.3 | 30.7 | 0.0 | < 0.001* | 45.8 | 8.1 | 39.6 | 6.9 | 38.1 | 8.2 | < 0.001* | |
| MCS | 48.5 | 8.6 | 44.1 | 11.1 | 40.8 | 12.4 | 40.3 | 0.0 | 0.003* | 48.8 | 8.9 | 38.0 | 4.3 | 24.4 | 7.0 | < 0.001* | |
| BASDAI | 1.9 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 6.6 | 1.4 | < 0.001* | 3.1 | 1.9 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 2.0 | < 0.001* | |
| ASDAS-CRP | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 4.2 | 0.5 | < 0.001* | 1.4 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 1.0 | < 0.001* | |
| HADS anxiety | ODI | ||||||||||||||||
| Normal (0–7) (n = 137) | Borderline (8–10) (n = 44) | Abnormal (11–21) (n = 22) | P | Minimal disability (0–20) (n = 140) | Moderate disability (21–40) (n = 54) | Severe disability (41–60) (n = 22) | Crippled (61–80) (n = 4) | P | |||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
| ODI score | 16.0 | 13.9 | 22.6 | 15.7 | 34.0 | 18.4 | < 0.001* | 9.3 | 6.3 | 29.7 | 6.3 | 47.8 | 5.1 | 63.5 | 1.9 | < 0.001* | |
| HADS score | |||||||||||||||||
| Depression | 3.3 | 2.5 | 7.5 | 3.0 | 9.7 | 3.7 | < 0.001* | 3.6 | 2.8 | 6.8 | 3.5 | 8.0 | 4.4 | 10.3 | 2.2 | < 0.001* | |
| Anxiety | 3.8 | 2.3 | 8.7 | 0.8 | 12.5 | 1.7 | < 0.001* | 4.7 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 4.3 | 9.3 | 4.5 | < 0.001* | |
| Total | 7.1 | 4.2 | 16.2 | 3.3 | 22.2 | 5.0 | < 0.001* | 8.3 | 5.7 | 14.1 | 6.1 | 16.1 | 8.1 | 19.5 | 5.7 | < 0.001* | |
| EQ-5D VAS score | 65.9 | 17.4 | 57.5 | 19.9 | 51.4 | 19.1 | < 0.001* | 69.3 | 16.7 | 52.0 | 17.2 | 50.6 | 18.4 | 48.8 | 11.8 | < 0.001* | |
| EQ-5D-5 L score | 0.831 | 0.151 | 0.770 | 0.173 | 0.551 | 0.272 | < 0.001* | 0.885 | 0.094 | 0.689 | 0.140 | 0.511 | 0.231 | 0.308 | 0.240 | < 0.001* | |
| BASFI | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 2.4 | < 0.001* | 1.1 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 2.2 | 7.0 | 2.5 | < 0.001* | |
| BASMI | 3.8 | 1.5 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 0.068 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 5.5 | 0.7 | < 0.001* | |
| SF-36 | |||||||||||||||||
| Physical functioning | 77.0 | 19.9 | 72.2 | 19.6 | 60.9 | 23.7 | 0.010* | 84.7 | 12.8 | 62.9 | 14.7 | 42.0 | 12.9 | 36.7 | 35.5 | < 0.001* | |
| Role physical | 77.3 | 20.4 | 58.6 | 19.9 | 55.9 | 27.1 | < 0.001* | 80.5 | 19.3 | 59.9 | 19.0 | 43.8 | 18.0 | 29.2 | 19.1 | < 0.001* | |
| Role emotional | 80.2 | 21.6 | 59.8 | 18.9 | 49.0 | 32.4 | < 0.001* | 81.4 | 21.2 | 61.6 | 21.2 | 53.9 | 29.4 | 19.4 | 17.3 | < 0.001* | |
| Vitality | 58.8 | 17.7 | 40.5 | 17.8 | 33.8 | 17.3 | < 0.001* | 60.1 | 17.1 | 43.9 | 17.8 | 31.7 | 14.1 | 31.3 | 16.5 | < 0.001* | |
| Emotional well-being | 74.3 | 14.3 | 52.9 | 12.4 | 44.7 | 13.0 | < 0.001* | 71.7 | 15.5 | 59.5 | 17.0 | 62.3 | 20.5 | 40.0 | 18.0 | < 0.001* | |
| Social functioning | 85.4 | 17.0 | 61.6 | 18.0 | 52.2 | 25.1 | < 0.001* | 86.1 | 17.4 | 67.2 | 18.5 | 55.8 | 24.9 | 37.5 | 12.5 | < 0.001* | |
| Bodily pain | 65.2 | 22.4 | 58.3 | 20.3 | 49.4 | 23.0 | 0.015* | 72.9 | 17.5 | 48.0 | 14.3 | 31.5 | 16.7 | 34.2 | 11.3 | < 0.001* | |
| General health | 47.8 | 19.1 | 28.8 | 18.1 | 30.0 | 15.9 | < 0.001* | 48.7 | 17.4 | 29.8 | 19.0 | 36.3 | 20.7 | 15.0 | 8.7 | < 0.001* | |
| PCS | 45.2 | 8.3 | 42.8 | 8.3 | 41.5 | 8.9 | 0.131 | 48.5 | 5.6 | 39.0 | 6.2 | 32.1 | 5.5 | 32.9 | 8.0 | < 0.001* | |
| MCS | 49.9 | 8.0 | 36.9 | 7.4 | 32.0 | 10.3 | < 0.001* | 48.4 | 9.2 | 41.4 | 9.7 | 41.0 | 13.7 | 27.0 | 8.7 | < 0.001* | |
| BASDAI | 3.1 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 5.0 | 2.2 | < 0.001* | 2.7 | 1.6 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 5.7 | 2.0 | 6.9 | 0.5 | < 0.001* | |
| ASDAS-CRP | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.003* | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 0.2 | < 0.001* | |
*Significant difference (P < 0.05)
ANOVA analysis of variance, ODI Oswestry Disability Index, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, EQ-5D EuroQol 5-dimension, VAS visual analogue scale, EQ-5D-5 L EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASMI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, SF-36 Short Form 36-item questionnaire, PCS Physical Component Score, MCS Mental Component Score, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, ASDAS-CRP Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (C-reactive protein)