Table 2:
CHW Questions by Intervention Group, New York City, 2010–2016, n (%)
| Bangladeshi n=130 | Korean n=113 | Asian Indian n=108 | Filipino n=86 | Overall n=437 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How much do you trust the CHW when discussing health concerns? | |||||
| Trust them a lot | 105 (94.6) | 79 (69.9) | 81 (75.0) | 82 (95.3) | 365 (83.5) |
| Trust them some | 7 (5.4) | 33 (29.2) | 26 (24.1) | 3 (3.5) | 69 (15.8) |
| Trust them only a little | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) |
| Skipped | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (0.5) |
| How much of the time does the CHW treat you with respect? | |||||
| Great deal of the time | 128 (99.2) | 24 (21.2) | 81 (75.0) | 83 (96.5) | 316 (72.3) |
| A fair amount | 1 (0.8) | 88 (77.9) | 26 (24.1) | 2 (2.3) | 117 (26.8) |
| Skipped | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (0.9) |
| For which of the following do you think you and the CHW are similar? | |||||
| Country of birth | 128 (99.2) | 109 (96.5) | 69 (64.5) | 85 (98.8) | 391 (89.9) |
| Region of birth | 40 (31.0) | 52 (46.0) | 67 (62.6) | 48 (55.8) | 207 (47.6) |
| Language | 126 (97.7) | 101 (89.4) | 107 (100.0) | 85 (98.8) | 419 (96.3 |
| Culture | 123 (95.3) | 101 (89.4) | 101 (94.4) | 84 (97.7) | 409 (94.0) |
| Being an immigrant | 108 (83.7) | 38 (33.6) | 52 (48.6) | 69 (80.2) | 267 (61.4) |
| Gender | 118 (91.5) | 27 (23.9) | 71 (66.4) | 60 (69.8) | 276 (63.4) |
| Religion | 91 (70.5) | 27 (23.9) | 70 (65.4) | 40 (46.5) | 228 (52.4) |
| Health problems | 14 (10.9) | 34 (30.1) | 9 (8.4) | 13 (15.1) | 70 (16.1) |
| Total answering questions | 129 | 113 | 107 | 86 | 435 |
| For which of the following do you think it is important for you and the CHW to be similar? | |||||
| Country of birth | 103 (81.7) | 95 (85.6) | 59 (55.1) | 68 (79.1) | 325 (75.6) |
| Region of birth | 30 (23.8) | 56 (50.5) | 55 (51.4) | 36 (41.9) | 177 (41.2) |
| Language | 117 (92.9) | 98 (88.3) | 103 (96.3) | 77 (89.5) | 395 (91.9) |
| Culture | 96 (76.2) | 101 (91.0) | 95 (88.8) | 70 (81.4) | 362 (84.2) |
| Being an immigrant | 66 (52.4) | 31 (27.9) | 18 (16.8) | 44 (51.2) | 159 (37.0) |
| Gender | 89 (70.6) | 24 (21.6) | 71 (66.4) | 40 (46.5) | 224 (52.1) |
| Religion | 58 (46.0) | 24 (21.6) | 74 (69.2) | 26 (30.2) | 182 (42.3) |
| Health problems | 7 (5.6) | 45 (40.5) | 9 (8.4) | 12 (14.0) | 73 (17.0) |
| Total answering questions | 126 | 111 | 107 | 86 | 430 |
| The CHW understands my culture | |||||
| Strongly agree | 122 (93.8) | 76 (67.3) | 69 (69.9) | 83 (96.5) | 350 (80.1) |
| Agree | 8 (6.2) | 37 (32.7) | 39 (36.1) | 2 (2.3) | 86 (19.7) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.2) |
| I can be honest with my CHW | |||||
| Strongly agree | 125 (96.2) | 77 (68.1) | 62 (57.4) | 81 (94.2) | 345 (78.9) |
| Agree | 4 (3.1) | 36 (31.9) | 46 (42.6) | 4 (4.7) | 90 (20.6) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (0.5) |
| I am able to tell my CHW things that I cannot tell my doctor | |||||
| Strongly agree | 76 (58.4) | 41 (36.3) | 54 (50.0) | 66 (76.7) | 237 (54.2) |
| Agree | 23 (17.7) | 38 (33.6) | 53 (49.1) | 12 (14.0) | 126 (28.8) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 29 (22.3) | 18 (15.9) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (4.7) | 52 (11.9) |
| Don’t know | 1 (0.8) | 15 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.3) | 18 (4.1) |
| Skipped | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.3) | 4 (1.0) |
| I am able to tell my CHW things that I cannot tell the person who provides me health education, such a nurse | |||||
| Strongly agree | 73 (56.2) | 35 (31.0) | 49 (45.4) | 64 (74.4) | 221 (50.6) |
| Agree | 27 (20.8) | 41 (36.3) | 58 (53.7) | 18 (20.9) | 144 (33.0) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 24 (18.4) | 17 (15.0) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (2.4) | 44 (10.1) |
| Don’t know | 2 (1.5) | 19 (16.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 22 (5.0) |
| Skipped | 4 (3.1) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 6 (1.4) |
| The CHW answered my concerns and questions | |||||
| Strongly agree | 112 (86.2) | 66 (58.4) | 65 (60.2) | 81 (94.2) | 324 (74.1) |
| Agree | 18 (13.8) | 44 (38.9) | 43 (39.8) | 4 (4.6) | 109 (24.9) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (0.5) |
| Don’t know | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) |
| The CHW helped to change my behaviors | |||||
| Strongly agree | 112 (86.2) | 61 (54.0) | 65 (60.2) | 64 (74.4) | 302 (69.1) |
| Agree | 15 (11.5) | 47 (41.6) | 43 (39.8) | 21 (24.4) | 126 (28.8) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 5 (1.1) |
| Don’t know | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) |
| Skipped | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) |
| I see a doctor more often because of my CHW | |||||
| Strongly agree | 45 (34.6) | 11 (9.7) | 42 (38.9) | 35 (40.7) | 133 (30.4) |
| Agree | 29 (22.3) | 46 (40.7) | 66 (61.1) | 34 (39.5) | 175 (40.0) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 50 (38.5) | 25 (22.1) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (8.2) | 82 (18.7) |
| Don’t know | 4 (3.1) | 30 (26.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 34 (7.8) |
| Skipped | 2 (1.5) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (11.6) | 13 (3.0) |
| I feel more confident asking my doctor questions because of the CHW | |||||
| Strongly agree | 77 (59.2) | 16 (14.2) | 43 (39.8) | 48 (55.8) | 184 (42.1) |
| Agree | 34 (26.2) | 50 (44.2) | 65 (60.2) | 24 (27.9) | 173 (39.6) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 15 (11.6) | 12 (10.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.0) | 33 (7.5) |
| Don’t know | 2 (1.5) | 33 (29.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 35 (8.0) |
| Skipped | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (9.3) | 12 (2.7) |
| I would not have been able to control diabetes/hypertension without the help of my CHW | |||||
| Strongly agree | 59 (45.4) | 50 (44.2) | 56 (51.9) | 37 (43.0) | 202 (46.2) |
| Agree | 43 (33.1) | 46 (40.7) | 52 (48.1) | 42 (48.8) | 183 (41.9) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 23 (17.7) | 10 (8.8) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (8.2) | 40 (9.2) |
| Don’t know | 3 (2.3) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (1.6) |
| Skipped | 2 (1.5) | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.1) |
| The CHW helped connect me with other people in my community | |||||
| Strongly agree | 63 (48.5) | 35 (31.0) | 53 (49.1) | 46 (53.5) | 197 (45.1) |
| Agree | 38 (29.2) | 61 (54.0) | 55 (50.9) | 30 (34.9) | 184 (42.1) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 20 (15.4) | 7 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (8.1) | 34 (7.8) |
| Don’t know | 4 (3.1) | 7 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 12 (2.7) |
| Skipped | 5 (3.8) | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.3) | 10 (2.3) |
| I am able to speak with my CHW about issues other than diabetes/ hypertension | |||||
| Strongly agree | 96 (73.9) | 37 (32.7) | 69 (63.9) | 68 (79.1) | 270 (61.8) |
| Agree | 23 (17.7) | 68 (60.2) | 38 (35.2) | 17 (19.8) | 146 (33.4) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 7 (5.4) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 12 (2.7) |
| Don’t know | 2 (1.5) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.4) |
| Skipped | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) |
| The CHW referred me to people who could help me with problems other than health issues | |||||
| Strongly agree | 31 (23.8) | 6 (5.3) | 68 (63.0) | 38 (44.2) | 143 (32.7) |
| Agree | 17 (13.1) | 36 (31.9) | 39 (36.1) | 35 (40.7) | 127 (29.1) |
| Disagree/Strongly disagree | 70 (53.9) | 17 (15.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (9.3) | 95 (21.8) |
| Don’t know | 3 (4.6) | 49 (43.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.3) | 57 (13.0) |
| Skipped | 5 (4.6) | 5 (4.4) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (3.5) | 15 (3.4) |
| Overall, how satisfied were you with the CHW? | |||||
| 10 - totally satisfied | 102 (78.5) | 31 (27.4) | 51 (47.2) | 55 (64.0) | 239 (54.7) |
| 9 | 16 (12.3) | 33 (29.2) | 40 (37.0) | 10 (11.6) | 99 (22.6) |
| 8 - Very satisfied | 9 (6.9) | 39 (34.5) | 16 (14.8) | 21 (24.4) | 85 (19.5) |
| ≤7 (Less than very satisfied) | 3 (2.3) | 8 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (2.5) |
| Skipped | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.7) |