FIG. 5.

High Na⁺ changes the mechanical properties of cortex and eGC. Application of Na⁺ concentrations in the supraphysiological range (150 mM) to endothelial cells damages the eGC in that the functional thickness/height is decreased by 50% (A), while the mechanical stiffness is increased by 130% (B), indicating a collapse of the structure. In parallel, high Na⁺ load stiffens the endothelial cortex (C) and decreases the release of NO (D), indicating a direct link between the nanomechanical properties and vascular function. (*p ≤ 0.05).