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. 2018 Mar 26;1(2):e00015. doi: 10.1002/edm2.15

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the participants

UACR (mg/gCr) P across groups
<30 30‐<300 ≥300
N 661 278 49
Age (y) 57.7 (10.2) 59.7 (10.5) 60.1 (9.9) .01
Sex, n male/female 435 / 226 193 / 85 33 / 16 n.s.
TOFO 10 mg / 20 mg / 40 mg 40 / 195 / 426 15 / 82 / 181 2 / 16 / 31 n.s.
Body weight (kg) 67.7 (13.7) 69.3 (14.0) 72.6 (15.8) .03
BMI (kg/m2) 25.3 (4.2) 26.0 (4.3) 26.5 (4.2) .01
HbA1c (%) 8.0 (0.9) 8.2 (0.9) 8.3 (1.0) .001
HbA1c (mmol/mol) 64.2 (9.5) 66.5 (10.2) 67.7 (10.9)
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) 159.5 (35.4) 166.9 (35.0) 171.2 (47.0) .003
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) 8.9 (2.0) 9.3 (1.9) 9.5 (2.6)
Systolic BP (mm Hg) 128.4 (13.9) 133.0 (13.8) 136.9 (13.3) <.0001
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) 77.1 (9.8) 78.7 (10.9) 78.7 (12.6) n.s.
Concomitant antihyperglycemic drugs (%) 60.1 62.9 61.2 n.s.
alpha‐GI / Biguanide / DPP‐4I / Glinide / Sulfonylurea / Thiazolidine 64 / 62 / 68 / 16 / 113 / 74 26 / 36 / 35 / 4 / 50 / 24 6 / 1 / 5 / 2 / 15 / 1
Concomitant antihypertensive drugs (%) 39.6 55.4 67.4 <.0001
ARB / ACEI / CCB / beta‐blockers / diuretics 195 / 10 / 139 / 19 / 51 118 / 9 / 105 / 13 / 17 23 / 3 / 29 / 2 / 5
Duration of diabetes mellitus (y) 6.8 (5.8) 7.0 (6.0) 7.5 (5.8) n.s.
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.70 (0.15) 0.73 (0.21) 0.87 (0.29) <.0001
eGFRMDRD (mL/min/1.73 m2) 88.8 (18.7) 87.6 (23.6) 74.5 (25.0) <.0001
eGFRcys (mL/min/1.73 m2) 110.5 (22.5) 104.4 (26.1) 86.5 (27.3) <.0001
UACR (mg/gCr) 11.2 68.3 775.4 <.0001
UACR (mg/mmolCr) 1.3 7.7 87.7
Urinary NAG (U/gCr) 6.4 8.8 14.5 <.0001
Urinary NAG (U/mmolCr) 0.7 1.0 1.6
Urinary beta‐2MG (mg/gCr) 115.2 161.3 347.4 <.0001
Urinary beta‐2MG (μg/mmolCr) 13.0 18.2 39.3

ACEI, ACE inhibitor; alpha‐GI, alpha‐glucosidase inhibitor; beta‐2MG, β2 microglobulin; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DPP‐4I, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor; eGFRMDRD, estimated glomerular filtration rate; eGFRcys, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated from cystatin C; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; NAG, N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase; TOFO, tofogliflozin; UACR, urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio.

Mean (standard deviation).

Median for UACR and tubular indices.

ANOVA across groups for continuous variables. Kruskal‐Wallis test across groups for urinary indices. Fisher's exact test across groups for categorical variables.