Simplified model of basolateral and apical electrolyte transport in the (A) acinar and (B) ductal cells of the exocrine pancreas. NHE1, NHE4, Na+/H+ exchangers 1 and 4; SLC9A1 and SLC9A4, respectively; pNBC1, electrogenic Na+/HCO3− cotransporter, SLC4A4, AE2, anion exchanger 2, SLC4A2; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; SLC26A6 (apical Cl−/HCO3− exchanger). For detailed review of the key players and mechanism involved, see excellent reviews by Steward and Ishiguro (282), Steward et al. (284), and Ishiguro et al. (130)