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Feature extraction and dimension reduction using principal component analysis (PCA): (a) singular values for the high-contrast variance images from the mean (X-Avg). The first three PCA modes (Φi, i = 1, 2,3) are also shown. Dataset projected onto the first three PCA modes are shown in (b). In comparison, values projected onto the first three POD (proper orthogonal decomposition) modes are shown in (c).
