Figure 3.

CSPG4 cell–derived exosome levels of growth factors in longitudinal study. Data depicted are for HGF (A), FGF-2 (B), FGF-13 (C), and IGF-1 (D). Mean ± sem values for CSPG4Es of control subjects, AD patients at preclinical stage (AD₁), and same AD patients later in time with mild to moderate dementia (AD₂), respectively, are 350 ± 9.19, 224 ± 11.2, and 257 ± 15.0 pg/ml for HGF; 451 ± 24.8, 201 ± 25.3, and 184 ± 23.4 pg/ml for FGF-2; 259 ± 15.5, 80.5 ± 7.50, and 79.8 ± 6.33 pg/ml for FGF-13; and 338 ± 15.4, 111 ± 13.7, and 101 ± 12.1 pg/ml for IGF-1. Significance of differences between levels for control subjects and AD₁ patients were calculated by unpaired Student’s t test, whereas that between levels for AD₁ and AD₂ patients were calculated by paired Student’s t test; **P < 0.0001.